Coherent Control of the Hartman Effect through a Photonic Crystal with Four-Level Defect Layer

In this paper, we examine the transmission of a probe field through a one dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) when the sixth layer of the crystal is doped with four level atoms. We analyze effects of the external driving field on the passage of weak probe field across the photonic crystal. It is found that for the phase time delay of the probe photons, intensity of the driving field switches the Hartman effect from sub to superluminal character. It is interesting to note that in our model, the superluminal transmission of the probe pulse is accompanied by a negligibly small absorption of the incident beam. It ensures that the probe field does not attenuate while passing through the photonic crystal. A similar switching of the Hartman effect may be obtained by adjusting detuning of the probe field related to the excited states of the four-level doping atoms.     

Noise reduction in the Fourier spectrum of Hartmann patterns for phase demodulation

A simple method to reduce the noise in the Fourier spectrum of Hartmann patterns for filtering the fundamental sidelobes (first harmonics) is presented. The method consists on replacing the Hartmann pattern by a fringe pattern within a circular pupil. The fringes are cosine square type and the pupil is apodized with a Gaussian function. These fringes follow the centroid spots of the Hartmann pattern along the horizontal and vertical directions. The width of the fringes in each direction is constant and it is determined according to the distortion of the Hartmann pattern. In this way, it is possible to obtain the wavefront’s slopes more accurate in comparison with the traditional method. We present experimental results to show the advantages of our method.     

扫描型哈特曼检测装置研究

 在传统哈特曼检验法基础上研制成功一种扫描型哈特曼检测新装置,可对最大口径为300 mm的聚焦镜在全口径范围内进行采样测量。该检测装置由大口径标准平行光管、扫描式哈特曼光阑、被检聚焦镜、CCD摄像机及计算机组成,在水平和垂直两个径向上开有等间距排列且相互错开半个间距的小孔,并且在步进电机的驱动下绕光轴旋转,可对被检聚焦镜进行全口径连续采样。对有效口径为154 mm的斐索平面干涉仪非球面准直物镜的球差及焦斑能量集中度进行了测量,进而由球差计算得到了波像差,并用干涉法对该准直物镜进行了测量。球差的理论值与测量值最大偏差为14.6%;由新装置测量并计算得到的波像差PV值与干涉法测量并计算得到的PV值偏差为11.5%;实测的80％的能量集中在34 μm的范围内,而计算得到的８０％的能量集中在28 μm之内,最后对结果进行了分析并提出了进一步改进的意见。     

Magnetosonic wave propagation in a weakly diffusive plasma

The evolution of fast magnetosonic waves in a Hartmann type magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium is studied with geometric optics methods. Rays are shown either to oscillate a round a fixed line parallel to the wall, go to infinity or hit the wall at a finite time. Perturbations of the equilibrium whose frequency has the same order as the inverse of the kinetic and magnetic diffusivities of the plasma are shown to satisfy a transport equation along the rays which may be converted into a viscous Burgers one. This allows us to describe the later evolution of these perturbations, which for periodic rays decay exponentially.     

Shape parameters measurement of ultralight mirrors

Two measuring techniques are presented in this paper. These techniques are able to measure and process the shape of the reflecting surfaces. In the first part of the paper the theory and modifications of the optical, mechanical and software design for the Hartmann wavefront analyzer are described. This new method is applied to the non-contact measurement of concave-mirrors shape and objectively defines the shape and specifies the difference of the segment shape from an ideal surface with micrometer accuracy. This difference determines essentially the mirrors image quality. In the second part of the paper attention is concentrated on the other main factor that affects image quality— surface roughness. Thereinafter, physical background and usage of the measuring system and results are presented.     

Two new upwind difference schemes for a coupled system of convection–diffusion equations arising from the steady MHD duct flow problems

In this paper, we develop two new upwind difference schemes for solving a coupled system of convection–diffusion equations arising from the steady incompressible MHD duct flow problem with a transverse magnetic field at high Hartmann numbers. Such an MHD duct flow is convection-dominated and its solution may exhibit localized phenomena such as boundary layers, namely, narrow boundary regions where the solution changes rapidly. Most conventional numerical schemes cannot efficiently solve the layer problems because they are lacking in either stability or accuracy. In contrast, the newly proposed upwind difference schemes can achieve a reasonable accuracy with a high stability, and they are capable of resolving high gradients near the layer regions without refining the grid. The accuracy of the first new upwind scheme is O(h + k) and the second one improves the accuracy to O(ε²(h + k) + ε(h² + k²) + (h³ + k³)), where 0 < ε ? 1/M ? 1 and M is the high Hartmann number. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the performance of the newly proposed upwind difference schemes.     

流体动力式发声器在采油工业中的应用研究

流体动力式声波发生器是一种有着悠久历史的声处理发生器 ,具有成本低廉、结构简单、坚固耐用以及动力源方便等特点 .在采油工业中 ,利用这种声处理技术可以降低原油粘度 ,改善原油物性以及地层渗流条件 ,达到最终提高采收率的目的 .文章论述了几种具有实际应用效果的流体动力式声波发生器在采油工业中的应用研究进展 ,并从作用机理、实验研究、现场应用等方面进行了详细的介绍 .     

Stability of Bödewadt–Hartmann layers

The linear stability of the combined Hartmann and Bödewadt boundary layers was studied for a wide range of values of the Elsasser number Λ (the ratio between the Lorentz forces and inertial effects). It was found that the instability modes originating from rotational effects present the lowest critical Reynolds numbers even at high Λ, showing the importance that three-dimensional effects can have in the stability of the Hartmann layer. The results are discussed in the light of previous studies of energetic stability and transient growth.     

激光辐照下镀铬介质高吸收镜的热变形

为了分析激光辐照下反射镜热变形对光束质量的影响, 本文建立了激光光束45°角入射时镀铬介质高吸收镜的热固耦合模型, 对不同辐照光束下反射镜的热变形和镜体厚度对热变形的影响进行了分析, 并用哈特曼波前传感器对自由边界条件下的镜面热变形进行了检测。结果表明:吸收功率在0.085~0.185 W时, 镜面热变形随吸收功率的增加近似线性增加, 随辐照光斑的增加而减小;反射镜厚度在1~5 mm范围, 镜面热变形基本不变。在激光照射的初始阶段, 反射镜表面温度和热变形迅速增加, 在激光连续照射20 s后, 镜面温度增加量逐步变缓, 镜面热变形则在1 s以内就上升至0.27 μm, 之后变形量缓慢增加, 在100 s后达到相对稳定状态;关闭激光后, 镜面在120 s后恢复到初始状态。分析表明, 产生误差的因素主要为光斑大小和辐照光束入射角度。     

A morphological based method to calculate the centroid spots of Hartmann patterns

We have designed a morphological filter in order to calculate the centroid spots of Hartmann patterns. This filter is based on four directional structuring elements. Each element takes into account the general morphology of the spots of the Hartmann pattern. The efficiency of the filter was tested by using a simulated pattern of spots. Finally, we apply this filter to experimental Hartmann patterns obtained for small convex lenses.