通过微观形貌对Ba(Ti,Sn)O_3压电陶瓷的结构及压电性能分析

本文采用传统固相合成法制备了(Ba_(1-x)Ca_x)(Ti_(0.98)Sn_(0.02))O_3(BCTS,x=0.00、0.01、0.02、0.03)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同烧结温度下Ba(Ti,Sn)O_3压电陶瓷材料的微观形貌对相结构及压电性能的影响。X-射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,所有陶瓷样品均为单一、纯钙钛矿结构,无第二相生成。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片可知,陶瓷样品在烧结温度为1450℃时,晶粒更加均匀、陶瓷结构更加致密,气孔较少并且晶粒成螺旋状结构生长。当陶瓷烧结温度为1450℃,并且x=0.01时,陶瓷的综合性能达到最佳,其压电常数(d33)达到346pC/N。     

One-dimensional response of sandwich plates to underwater shock loading

The one-dimensional shock response of sandwich plates is investigated for the case of identical face sheets separated by a compressible foam core. The dynamic response of the sandwich plates is analysed for front face impulsive loading, and the effect of strain hardening of the core material is determined. For realistic ratios of core mass to face sheet mass, it is found that the strain hardening capacity of the core has a negligible effect upon the average through-thickness compressive strain developed within the core. Consequently, it suffices to model the core as an ideally plastic-locking solid. The one-dimensional response of sandwich plates subjected to an underwater pressure pulse is investigated by both a lumped parameter model and a finite element (FE) model. Unlike the monolithic plate case, cavitation does not occur at the fluid-structure interface, and the sandwich plates remain loaded by fluid until the end of the core compression phase. The momentum transmitted to the sandwich plate increases with increasing core strength, suggesting that weak sandwich cores may enhance the underwater shock resistance of sandwich plates.     

压电螺位错与含界面裂纹圆形涂层夹杂的干涉

研究位于基体或夹杂中任意点的压电螺型位错与含界面裂纹圆形涂层夹杂的电弹耦合干 涉问题. 运用复变函数方法，获得了基体，涂层和夹杂中复势函数的一般解答. 典型例 子给出了界面含有一条裂纹时，复势函数的精确级数形式解. 基于已获得的复势函数和广 义Peach-Koehler公式，计算了作用在位错上的像力. 讨论了裂纹几何条件，涂层厚度和材 料特性对位错平衡位置的影响规律. 结果表明，界面裂纹对涂层夹杂附近的位错运动有很大 的影响效应，含界面裂纹涂层夹杂对位错的捕获能力强于完整粘结情况；并发现界面裂纹长 度和涂层材料常数达到某一个临界值时可以改变像力的方向. 解答的特殊情形包含了以 往文献的几个结果.     

Electroelastic Characteristics of a Piezoelectric Transformer Plate

The expressions for the electrostatic induction and input admittance of a piezoelectric transformer plate are generalized     

Thermoelectroelastic Green's function and its application for bimaterial of piezoelectric materials

Summary For a two-dimensional piezoelectric plate, the thermoelectroelastic Green's functions for bimaterials subjected to a temperature discontinuity are presented by way of Stroh formalism. The study shows that the thermoelectroelastic Green's functions for bimaterials are composed of a particular solution and a corrective solution. All the solutions have their singularities, located at the point applied by the dislocation, as well as some image singularities, located at both the lower and the upper half-plane. Using the proposed thermoelectroelastic Green's functions, the problem of a crack of arbitrary orientation near a bimaterial interface between dissimilar thermopiezoelectric material is analysed, and a system of singular integral equations for the unknown temperature discontinuity, defined on the crack faces, is obtained. The stress and electric displacement (SED) intensity factors and strain energy density factor can be, then, evaluated by a numerical solution at the singular integral equations. As a consequence, the direction of crack growth can be estimated by way of strain energy density theory. Numerical results for the fracture angle are obtained to illustrate the application of the proposed formulation. Received 10 November 1997; accepted for publication 3 February 1998     

Stress Analysis And Geometrical Configuration Selection for Multilayer Piezoelectric Displacement Actuator

Multilayer piezoelectric ceramic displacement actuators are susceptible to cracking in the region near the edge of the internal electrode, which may cause system damage or failure. In this paper, the stress distribution of a multilayer piezoelectric composite is investigated in a working environment and the optimized geometrical con?guration of the piezoelectric layer is obtained. The stress distribution in the structure and the stress concentration near the edge of th…     

Modelling the Stationary Vibrations and Dissipative Heating of Thin-Walled Inelastic Elements with Piezoactive Layers

A coupled dynamic problem of thermoelectromechanics for thin-walled multilayer elements is formulated based on a geometrically nonlinear theory and the Kirchhoff–Love hypotheses. In the case of harmonic loading, an approximate formulation is given using the concept of complex moduli to characterize the cyclic properties of the material. The model problem on forced vibrations of sandwich beam, whose core layer is made of a passive physically nonlinear material, and face layers, of a viscoelastic piezoactive material, is considered as an example to demonstrate the possibility of damping the vibrations by applying harmonic voltage to the oppositely polarized layers of the beam. Substantiation is given for a linear control law with a complex coefficient for the electric potential, which provides damping of vibrations in the first symmetric mode at the linear and nonlinear stages of deformation. The stress–strain state and dissipative-heating temperature are studied     

功能梯度压电板条中电绝缘型运动裂纹的电弹性场

基于三维弹性理论和压电理论，对材料系数按指数函数规律分布的功能梯度压电板条中的反平面运动裂纹问题进行了求解。利用Fourier积分变换方法将电绝缘型运动裂纹问题化为对偶积分方程，并进一步归结为易于求解的第二类Fredholm积分方程。通过渐近分析，获得了裂纹尖端应力、应变、电位移和电场的解析解，给出了裂纹尖端场各个变量的角分布函数，并求得了裂纹尖端场的强度因子，分析了压电材料物性梯度参数、几何尺寸及裂纹运动速度对它们的影响。结果表明，对于电绝缘型裂纹，功能梯度压电板条中运动裂纹尖端附近的各个场变量都具有-1／2阶的奇异性；当裂纹运动速度增大时，裂纹扩展的方向会偏离裂纹面。     

A shear stress transducer for molten polymers

Present rheometrical techniques are inadequate for the measurement of viscoelastic properties associated with shearing at high rates. A possible solution to this problem is to use a sliding plate rheometer together with a device for measuring the local wall shear stress away from the ends and edges of the plates. Such a device has been constructed, and the results of preliminary tests are encouraging.     

脉冲辐照下三维多向碳纤维编织复合材料热激波的实验研究

在“闪光二号”脉冲电子束加速器上,采用自行研制的保护环式石英压电传感器,对三维多向碳纤维编织复合材料的热激波传播特性开展了实验研究。结果表明: (1)在电子束能注量为382J/cm2 ~953J/cm2范围内,三维编织复合材料的热激波应力峰值在 97~406MPa之间,只是相同能注量下Ly-12铝的 8%左右,这表明该材料具有良好的衰减热激波的性能; (2)三维编织复合材料中的热激波,其波速较低(大约为 2. 78~3. 45km/s),只是Ly-12铝的 0. 4倍左右,其波形上升时间也比Ly-12铝的大; (3)热激波强度和能注量间近似有线性关系,但烧蚀质量却随能注量增加而增加,当能注量足够高时,质量亏损面密度几乎以指数方式增加。