Swelling of poly(ethylene oxide) gel in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate with added sodium chloride

The swelling behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) gels in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with and without NaCl was investigated. In the absence of NaCl, PEO gels with different degrees of cross-linking began to swell from a concentration lower than the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of SDS, then showed sigmoidal enhancements of swelling in a higher SDS concentration region until the degrees of swelling reached maximum values. The SDS concentration at which the swelling began to appear was in reasonable agreement with the critical aggregation concentration (cac) value reported for the aqueous PEO system. For the cases where NaCl was present, the swelling behavior of PEO gel was different from that when NaCl was absent in the following way. The concentrations where the swelling begins to appear, and hence those where the degree of swelling rises steeply, decreased with an increase in NaCl concentration. The ultimate degrees of swelling at higher concentration regions also decreased with an increase in the NaCl concentration. The lowering of the SDS concentrations at which the PEO gel began to swell is in line with the decreases in the cmc of SDS solutions containing NaCl and also with the decreases in the cac of PEO solution. Electronic Publication     

二溴对甲基偶氮羧光度法测定矿物岩石中微量铁

研究了新显色剂二溴对甲基偶氮羧(D6MCA)与Fe3+的显色反应及其影响因素，建立了测定铁的光度法，其表观摩尔吸光系数为1. 6×104，Fe3+浓度在0～25μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律，可用于矿物岩石中铁的测定，操作简便，结果较为满意。     

浙江苍岭隧道岩爆工程地质特征分析与防治措施研究

根据在浙江苍岭隧道施工中发生的岩爆,通过现场地质观测资料,具体地分析了其形成的规模、位置、诱发因素以及地质条件,从地质工程的角度,对岩爆发生地段隧道的岩石组成、地质构造、地应力特征以及地下水情况进行了探讨,发现在苍岭隧道施工中发生岩爆的岩石具有岩体结构面发育适中、弹性模量大、P波波速高、地质构造简单、现代水平构造应力强且主压应力轴σ1大角度相交于隧道中轴线和地下水不发育的特征,并在此基础上,提出了掌子面喷水、布设释放地应力锚杆、减少隧道壁聚能结构等有效的岩爆防治措施。     

三峡工程坝址花岗岩体缓倾角结构面成因综合研究

本文对长江三峡工程坝址花岗岩体中缓倾角结构面成因进行了全面的综合研究。从野外地质调查人手,在大量野外勘测的基础上进行宏观分析,同时辅之以扫描电镜、透射电镜、包体温度测定等方法进行微观构造组构、差异应力等的研究。在地质力学宏观分析的基础上,利用地质力学物理模拟进行相似条件下的反演,并利用非线性有限元数值模拟进行验证。同类研究在国内外均未见先例,可为同类工程研究借鉴。     

研究岩石破裂等弱化行为的力－位移组合控制方法

本文介绍了一种用力和位移的线性组合控制岩石试验的新方法。该方法已在一台自制的伺服实验系统上和一台MTS实验系统上得到了实现。用这种方法能够简便地求出通常难以求出的具有Ⅱ类特性岩石的全应力-应变曲线,而且能够变化出如广义应力松驰等其它实验类型,从而能够对时间依赖性进行深入的研究。由于其易于采用的特点,它在研究岩石破裂乃至摩擦等弱化过程方面有着广泛的应用前景。     

Ionic liquid salt bridge based on tributyl(2-methoxyethyl)phosphonium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)amide for stable liquid junction potentials in highly diluted aqueous electrolyte solutions

A moderately hydrophobic ionic liquid, tributyl(2-methoxyethyl)phosphonium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)amide ([TBMOEP⁺][C₂C₂N⁻]), shows a very stable liquid junction potential upon contact with an aqueous solution whose ionic strength is as low as 1 μmol dm⁻³. The stability with the maximum excursion of the potential within ±0.5 mV for 30 min is very promising for accurate determination of pH and other single ion activities potentiometrically.     

三相交流电弧吹样法光谱分析初探

介绍了三相交流电弧吹样法的理论、装置和性能。证明三相电弧对提高吹样法光谱分析的性能很有帮助。     

分光光度法测定食盐中的碘

采用分光光度法对食盐中碘含量进行定量分析.对反应条件进行试验及优化,得最佳测定条件为:测定波长565nm,0.5mol/L盐酸2.00mL、3%双氧水3.00mL、10g/L淀粉1.00mL,显色时间10min.在此条件下测得碘含量为29.32mg/kg,符合国家标准.本方法操作简便,可靠,重现性好,专属性强,具有广泛...     

Improved sensitivity of headspace gas chromatography for organic aromatic compounds

Summary The effect of adding an electrolyte and increasing the temperature on the preconcentration of volatile compounds in headspace analysis has been investigated. Quantification of the interactive effects of temperature and addition of salt on the vapor concentration is of interest for the determination of trace organic impurities in pharmaceutical base materials. This study was undertaken to investigate the quantitative effects of the addition of salts alcohols, and acetone, and of increasing the temperature on the vapor concentrations and distribution coefficients of volatile aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, ando-xylene). It was found that the concentration of aromatic compound residues in the headspace could be increased by adding an inert salt to the water, but this effect was not very significant because of the low orginal solubility of the aromatic compounds in water. The reverse effect can be achieved by use of polar organic additives; this can be explained by the high polarizability of aromatic compounds and their greater solubility in the presence of these solvents. Presented at Balaton Symposium on High-Performance Separation Methods, Siófok, Hungary, September 1–3, 1999.     

基于岩石光谱吸收特征的白云母含量反演

岩石是由多种矿物组成,其反射率光谱吸收特征与矿物含量之间存在紧密联系,矿物光谱在特定波段处的光谱吸收特征是定量估算含量的重要指标之一。为提升岩石光谱吸收特征定量反演矿物含量的准确度与精度,以白云母为研究对象,分析岩石光谱在2.2 μm附近的光谱吸收特征及其白云母含量,采用Savitzky-Golay平滑滤波和连续统去除法对岩石光谱反射率进行处理,进而提取光谱吸收特征参数（吸收深度、吸收宽度、吸收面积）,分析岩石光谱在2.2 μm附近吸收特征与白云母含量之间的相关性。研究中采用单一吸收特征建立统计模型、多维吸收特征建立偏最小二乘法（PLS）和多层感知器（MLP）模型,对岩石中白云母含量与光谱吸收特征参数进行分析,进而提出一种非线性预测岩石中矿物含量的方法。研究结果表明,岩石光谱在2.2 μm附近的光谱吸收特征中,吸收深度与白云母含量之间的相关性最高。基于单一吸收特征的统计模型中,二次曲线模型对吸收深度拟合的效果最佳,R2为0.935 0,RMSE为0.063 0,岩石光谱的吸收深度随白云母丰度满足二次曲线变化,岩石中白云母的含量越高,岩石光谱吸收深度值越大;基于多维光谱吸收特征的PLS模型相较于MLP模型拟合的效果更佳,其R2为0.947 7高于MLP的0.901 2,RMSE为0.002 7低于MLP的0.005 1;整体上,多维模型优于单一维度模型,PLS模型反演能力最佳,该模型在预测白云母含量上具有运算量小、精度高的特点。通过分析岩石在诊断特征处的光谱吸收特征,为其矿物组分的含量等进行定量反演提供理论参考,为矿产资源监测与评估提供快速高效便捷的方法。