A new ellagic acid derivative from Polygonum runcinatum

A new ellagic acid derivative, 3,3′-dimethylellagic acid-4′-O-(6″-galloyl)-β-d-glucoside, named runcinatside (5), together with four known compounds 3,3′-dimethylellagic acid (1), 3,3′,4′-trimethylellagic acid (2), 3,3′-dimethylellagic acid-4′-O-β-d-glucoside (3) and 3-methylellagic acid-4′-O-α-l-rhamno-pyranoside (4), was isolated from the roots of Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Var. sinense Hemsl and the structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic methods and comparison with previously reported data. All compounds showed antioxidant activities in vitro and compound 5 possessed the highest activity.     

锑胁迫下腐殖质对头花蓼体内锑形态及生化特性影响

锑(Sb)是一种无延展性的有色金属,具有潜在毒性和致癌性,对心血管、呼吸系统和肝脏等都会造成危害。并且,随着近几年锑资源的持续开发,土壤中的Sb污染被广泛关注。腐殖质具有复杂结构并包含有羧基、醇羟基等多种活性官能团,对重金属在土壤中的形态转化、迁移能力以及生物可利用性具有重要影响。头花蓼作为民间常用草药并且也是贵州省特色苗药,在土壤Sb背景值极高的独山锑矿区不仅能大量生长,并且在其体内Sb含量远高于其他未受污染的陆生植物时,仍然可以表现出良好的生长状态。为了探究腐殖质对独山矿区内Sb污染土壤中头花蓼植物有效性的影响。选取贵州省独山县东峰Sb区附近Sb污染土壤与头花蓼种子作为试验样品,通过三种不同腐殖质富里酸、胡敏素、胡敏酸对Sb污染土壤进行30d的培育实验后种植头花蓼。结果表明：(1)腐殖质添加后使得头花蓼叶绿素总量整体呈现上升的趋势,加强了头花蓼光合作用。(2)头花蓼的逆境生理现象表现为：在低添加量下,胡敏素实验组与胡敏酸实验组中丙二醛含量下降,SOD酶活性升高,CAT酶活性下降;说明胡敏素和的胡敏酸在低添加量下能够有效缓解头花蓼所受到的Sb毒害;而高添加量富里酸对头花蓼有一定损害。(3)低添加量的胡敏酸能够有效缓解头花蓼植株所受到的重金属Sb、As、Cd、Cu胁迫。(4)相比于胡敏素和胡敏酸,富里酸更容易促进头花蓼体内残渣态Sb向更活跃的赋存形态转化;胡敏酸对头花蓼中的Sb赋存形态表现出了低浓度活化而高浓度钝化的现象;胡敏素则能够有效降低头花蓼体内Sb活性。     

大孔吸附树脂结合酶解法分离纯化虎杖中白藜芦醇的研究

研究了大孔吸附树脂结合酶解法提取和纯化虎杖中白藜芦醇的方法,采用HPLC法测定虎杖中白藜芦醇的含量,考查了β-糖苷酶对虎杖药材酶解前后白藜芦醇含量的变化,并经静态吸附考察了4种树脂,最后确定以H1020作为提取分离白藜芦醇的树脂.此树脂吸附量较高,脱附容易,有利于得到质量较好的白藜芦醇产品,经该树脂吸附解吸,饱和吸附量可达51.4mg/g,解吸率达92.5%.大孔树脂分离纯化白藜芦醇的含量可达71.5%,而上柱前粗提物中白藜芦醇含量为8.71%,说明采用本法分离纯化虎杖中白藜芦醇是可行的.     

Supercritical CO2 extraction of emodin and physcion from Polygonum cuspidatum and subsequent isolation by semipreparative chromatography

Emodin and physcion are abundant anthraquinone compounds found in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Polygonum cuspidatum Sied. et Zucc. In this paper, emodin and physcion were successfully extracted with supercritical CO2 plus ethanol modifier after the extraction conditions were optimized with uniform design-sequential optimization. Results showed that the ethanol modifier concentration was the main factor for the effective extraction of the emodin. The optimal extraction condition was obtained: 20 MPa, 30 degrees C, and 95% ethanol, at which the yields of emodin and physcion were 0.616 and 0.178 g/100 g, respectively. The yield obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was a little lower than that obtained by sonication extraction (SE). The crude extract obtained by SFE was further isolated and purified by semipreparative chromatography with the mobile phase composed of methanol-water (90:1, v/v). Emodin and physcion were obtained with purity 98.6 and 99.1%, respectively, when determined by HPLC, and identification was performed by retention time and UV spectra of the standards. The result suggested that SFE is an alternative and promising method for extraction of the two compounds from P. cuspidatum owing to its environment-friendly properties and fewer coextracts.     

FT‐Raman spectroscopy—a rapid and reliable quantification protocol for the determination of natural indigo dye in Polygonum tinctorium

In the recent years, Raman and IR spectroscopies have attracted increasing attention as fast, non‐invasive and widely applicable alternative analytical approaches for a variety of materials. Vibrational spectroscopy has been used in the analysis of herbal products, dyes and sensitive art objects, besides complex and aqueous biomaterials such as biopolymers or mammalian tissue. Compared to conventional analytical methods based on high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography, which often involves extensive and time‐consuming sample preparation, Raman or IR spectroscopy can avoid these procedures. The present work introduces a fast and reliable quantification method for the determination of naturally occurring indigo dye in dyer's knotweed (Polygonum tinctorium) based on Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy. The results were validated by HPLC‐UV, and the merits and drawbacks of the present method are elaborated. Besides the qualitative aspects of signal assignment and comparison to appropriate attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FT‐IR) measurements, the Raman spectrum of dihydro indigo, an important intermediate in the indigo dying process, is presented for the first time and discussed with regard to its spectroscopic behaviour. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微波法提取水蓼中总黄酮的工艺研究

研究了水蓼中总黄酮的微波提取最佳工艺。采用单因素试验和正交试验考察微波功率、乙醇浓度、微波辐射时间、料液比对水蓼中总黄酮提取率的影响,优选提取工艺。最佳工艺条件为:微波功率为520W,乙醇浓度为60%,微波辐射60s,间歇辐射3次,料液比为1g∶20mL。结果表明,微波提取具有提取率高、提取速度快等特点,用于中草药的提取应用前景广阔。     

藏药木茎蓼化学成分的研究

木茎蓼又名木藤蓼,为蓼科蓼属植物(Polygonum aubertii L. Henry)的藤茎。该植物的入药部位藏医中医各不相同。中药用其块根,称为酱头,为湖南常德地区常用草药,民间称之为雄黄连。另外尚有赤地胆、丛叶蓼等别名。中医认为有清热解毒、调经止血之效。藏医则取其茎入药。据藏药木草记载,其味微热、甘、苦、涩,主治清热解表,治痛风特效。藏医用以木茎蓼为主药的木茎蓼三味汤治疗类风湿性关节炎效果显     

Polarity Directed Appraisal of Pharmacological Potential and HPLC-DAD Based Phytochemical Profiling of Polygonum glabrum Willd

The present study was designed to evaluate polarity-dependent extraction efficiency and pharmacological profiling of Polygonum glabrum Willd. Crude extracts of leaves, roots, stems, and seeds, prepared from solvents of varying polarities, were subjected to phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, and cytotoxicity assays. Maximum extraction yield (20.0% w/w) was observed in the case of an acetone:methanol (AC:M) root extract. Distilled water:methanol (W:M) leaves extract showed maximum phenolic contents. Maximum flavonoid content and free radical scavenging potential were found in methanolic (M) seed extract. HPLC-DAD quantification displayed the manifestation of substantial quantities of quercetin, rutin, gallic acid, quercetin, catechin, and kaempferol in various extracts. The highest ascorbic acid equivalent total antioxidant capacity and reducing power potential was found in distilled water roots and W:M leaf extracts, respectively. Chloroform (C) seeds extract produced a maximum zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhimurium. Promising protein kinase inhibition and antifungal activity against Mucor sp. were demonstrated by C leaf extract. AC:M leaves extract exhibited significant cytotoxic capability against brine shrimp larvae and α-amylase inhibition. Present results suggest that the nature of pharmacological responses depends upon the polarity of extraction solvents and parts of the plant used. P. glabrum can be considered as a potential candidate for the isolation of bioactive compounds with profound therapeutic importance.     

Evaluation of the Potential of a Lectin Extracted from Polygonum persicaria L. as a Biorational Agent against Sitophilus oryzae L.

Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most destructive stored-product pests that is resistant to a wide range of chemical insecticides. In the present study, we investigated whether a lectin extracted from Polygonum persicaria L. (PPA) can be used as a biorational agent to control such insect pests. Along with the lethal digestive assay, the sub-lethal insecticidal activities of PPA, including the effects on digestive, detoxifying, and antioxidant enzyme activities, were evaluated against S. oryzae adults. The effect of feeding a diet containing PPA and carob extract as a food attractant on the mortality of S. oryzae adults was also investigated. Feeding on the diet containing PPA resulted in a significant mortality of S. oryzae adults with a LC₅₀ (Lethal Concentration to kill 50% of insects) of 3.68% (w/w). The activity of digestive enzymes, including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, TAG-lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and carboxy- and aminopeptidase, were decreased by the sub-lethal concentration of PPA. Detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes, including esterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde, were activated in adults affected by PPA. These findings indicated that PPA, in addition to causing digestive disorders, leads to oxidative stress in S. oryzae. The presence of carob extract had no effect on the PPA-induced mortality of the insect. According to the results of the present study, PPA has promising insecticidal efficiency against S. oryzae. In addition, the usage of PPA with a food attractant carob extract in bait traps can be recommended as a new biorational formulation in S. oryzae management.