基于宽光谱干涉系统的拼接主镜共相位检测技术

 针对拼接式大口径望远镜主镜,提出一种基于迈克尔逊干涉原理基础上的宽带光谱（白光）干涉检测方法,对拼接子镜间相位误差进行实时检测,进而对失调子镜进行相应校正,以实现拼接子镜的共面排布。子镜间相位误差通过干涉图形间的不匹配性进行提取。应用双中心波长组合白光源来提高白光中心条纹的可见度,通过理论仿真,对不同中心波长组合的白光中心条纹可见度进行比较,结果表明：该双中心波长组合白光源系统的应用,可以提高白光干涉中心条纹的信号分辨能力,借以提高检测精度,使得该白光干涉检测系统对拼接子镜间的相位失调误差进行高精度提取。     

基于快速扫描光学延迟线谐振扫描的相位调制方法

提出利用快速扫描光学延迟线(Rapid Scanning Optical Delay Line,RSOD)作为光学相干层析成像(Optical Coherence Tomography,OCT)系统的相位调制器,并采用正弦驱动方式(谐振扫描)来提高扫描频率,进而实现高频相位调制的方法.介绍了基于RSOD相位调制器的干涉信号包络解调方法,分析了大振镜低频率线性驱动、小振镜高频线性驱动和大振镜高速正弦驱动三种实施方案对OCT性能的影响,并针对谐振扫描方案中轴向扫描的非线性提出了图像畸变定量校正的方法.结果表明:RSOD大振镜谐振扫描的模式能够兼顾系统成像速度、成像范围以及系统信噪比的要求,是一种行之有效的相位调制方法.     

带有对称啁啾光纤光栅的Sagnac环滤波器

通过在光纤Sagnac环中引入对称啁啾光纤光栅,对带有光纤光栅的Sagnac环梳状滤波器进行了改进,克服了原有滤波器工作带宽小、通带间隔不等的缺点.通过对光栅参量进行适当设计,在中等折射率调制度下,可使光栅同时具有高反射率和大反射带宽,结合Sagnac环可得到大带宽、等间隔梳状滤波器.     

基于数字显微全息技术的相位光栅结构测量

以相位光栅为实验对象,开展了基于数字显微全息技术的相位物体三维显微结构信息的再现研究.在Mach-Zender透射式实验系统的基础上,分别采用显微物镜和无透镜放大方式,对相位光栅进行放大,以提高系统横向分辨率.在显微物镜放大系统中,菲涅耳近似数值再现算法与双波长技术相结合,抑制主要系统噪音,获得相位光栅的显微结构三维分布.在无透镜放大数字显微全息系统中,分别利用菲涅耳近似法和卷积方法再现原始物波前,并提出相减法消除系统主要球面误差,获得相位光栅的深度信息.实验结果与Veeco干涉仪测试结果比对表明,光栅周期和深度结构与干涉仪测试数据相符.     

相位翻转厄米-高斯光束的传输特性

将相位翻转高斯光束的概念推广到相位翻转高阶模光束.以相位翻转厄米-高斯光束为例,推导出相位翻转高斯光束通过近轴理想(无光阑)ABCD光学系统,以及带刀口和光阑的ABCD光学系统传输的递推方程,并用以研究相位翻转高斯光束的传输特性.特别是,得出对TEM1、TEM2和TEM3模相位翻转高斯光束,光阑效应可以忽略的条件分别是截断参量δ≥2.1,2.5和 3.0.     

Computer simulation, thermodynamic and microstructural studies of benzamide–benzoic acid eutectic system

Phase diagram of benzamide–benzoic acid system has been studied by the thaw–melt method. Linear velocities of crystallization of the components and the eutectic mixture were determined at different undercoolings. Values of the heat of fusion were obtained from DSC studies. Excess Gibbs free energy, excess enthalpy and excess entropy of mixing were calculated. In order to know the nature of interaction between the two components, FT-IR spectral analyses were done. In addition to these studies, computer simulation has been done to obtain an idea about the interaction energy and the optimized geometry of the eutectic mixture. Microstructural studies showed the formation of an irregular structure in the eutectic mixture, which changed with aging and on addition of impurities.     

Self-emulsification in chemical and pharmaceutical technologies

The interest in the low energy self-emulsification techniques has exploded in the recent years, driven by three main trends: by the transition to “greener” technologies in both its aspects—less energy consumption and replacement of the petrochemicals by natural ingredients; by the costly and maintenance demanding equipment for nanoemulsification; and by the quest for efficient and robust self-emulsifying formulations for oral drug delivery. Here, we first present a brief overview of the main known low-energy methods for nanoemulsion formation, focusing on their mechanistic understanding and discussing some recent advances in their development and applications. Next, we review three conceptually new approaches for self-emulsification in chemical technologies, discovered in the last several years. The colloidal features and the specific requirements of the self-emulsifying drug-delivery systems (SEDDS) are also discussed briefly. Finally, we summarize the current trends and the main challenges in this vivid research area.     

A Closed‐Loop Control Strategy for Producing Nitrile Rubber of Uniform Chemical Composition in a Semibatch Reactor: A Simulation Study

To improve the quality of industrial nitrile rubbers, the copolymer chemical composition, p_A(t), should ideally be kept constant along the reaction. This work proposes a closed‐loop control strategy for the semibatch operation of the reactor with the aim of regulating p_A(t) within a reduced range of variability. The proposed strategy is evaluated by simulating a mathematical model of the process. To this effect, a simplified mathematical model of the reaction is first derived and then utilized to obtain a suboptimal control law and a soft‐sensor that estimates the polymerization rates. The suboptimal control law is compensated by adding a term proportional to errors in p_A(t). The simulated example considers the production of the low‐composition AJLT grade, with the copolymerization reaction represented by a detailed mathematical model adjusted to an industrial plant. Due to the high performance of the soft‐sensor, the simulation results suggest that the proposed closed‐loop strategy is efficient to adequately regulate p_A(t) in spite of structural and parametric uncertainties, while other quality variables remained practically unaffected.     

On the low-temperature anomalies of specific heat in disordered carbon nanotubes

The low-temperature behavior of the specific heat in disordered nanotubes strongly depends on structure changes and is not explained by the phonon contribution. Expression for electronic specific heat is carried out taking into account the multiple elastic electron scattering on impurities and structural inhomogeneities of short-range order type. The calculated electronic specific heat depends on diameter of nanotube, concentration of impurities, parameters of short-range order (structural heterogeneity) and describes the peculiarities of low-temperature behavior of specific heat observed in disordered CNT.