Crystal Structure,Thermal and Electric Behaviour of [(CH3)2NH2]3[As2Cl9] and [(CH3)2NH2][AsOCl2]

Single crystals of the organic‐inorganic arsenate(III): [(CH₃)₂NH₂]₃[As₂Cl₉] and [(CH₃)₂NH₂][AsOCl₂] have been grown from aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The crystals [(CH₃)₂NH₂]₃[As₂Cl₉] have been investigated by X‐ray diffraction (at 253 K), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dilatometric and dielectric methods. They undergo two structural phase transitions of first order at 228/235 and 298/307 K (on cooling/heating), respectively, which are classified as an "order‐disorder" type. The trigonal [(CH₃)₂NH₂]₃[As₂Cl₉] structure (at 253 K, intermediate phase (II)) refined in the space group R3c, consists of isolated [As₂Cl₉]^3‐ bioctahedral units and dimethylammonium cations hydrogen bonded to the bridging Cl atoms of the anions. The crystals of [(CH₃)₂NH₂][AsOCl₂] at 100 K are orthorhombic, space group Cmca. The structure contains one‐dimensional chains formed by strong distorted [AsO₂Cl₄] octahedra. The dimethylammonium cations reveal distinct disorder.     

Untersuchung der Phasenbeziehungen in quaternären Systemen Bi2O3/Bi2Ch/Bi2Ch (Ch = S,Se, Te)

Investigations of the Phase Relations in the Quaternary Systems Bi₂O₃/Bi₂Ch /Bi₂Ch (Ch = S, Se, Te) The stability ranges in the pseudobinary systems Bi₂O₂S/Bi₂O₂Se, Bi₂O₂S/Bi₂O₂Te and Bi₂O₂Se/Bi₂O₂Te have been studied by solid state and chemical transport reactions. A complete mixed crystal Bi₂O₂(Te_xSe_1–x), 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 exists between the ternary compounds Bi₂O₂Te and Bi₂O₂Se. The thermal behaviour of the mixed crystal and the coexistence ranges have been determined by x‐ray and thermal analysis.     

Structural Phase Transition in Li2C2

Pure polycrystalline Li₂C₂ could be obtained by the reaction of lithium and graphite flakes in an arc-melting furnace. X-ray powder investigations on these samples confirm the crystal structure given by Juza, Wehle, and Schuster (Immm, No. 71, Z = 2) which is isotypic to Rb₂O₂ and Cs₂O₂. At about 500 °C a reversible phase transition (1^st order) to a cubic modification (Fm 3 m, No. 225, Z = 4) has been observed. This high temperature modification can be described as an antifluorite-structure with disordered C₂^2– dumbbells.     

Über die Koexistenz von tetragonalem und monoklinem CaC2: Strukturelle und spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Erdalkalimetallacetyliden,MC2 (M = Ca,Sr, Ba)

On the Coexistence of Tetragonal and Monoclinic CaC₂: Structural and Spectroscopic Studies on Alkaline Earth Metal Acetylides, MC₂ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) The alkaline earth acetylides CaC₂, SrC₂ and BaC₂ can be considered to occur in three polymorphic structures each. The monoclinic low-temperature form, the tetragonal form, and the cubic high-temperature form. No deviation from axial symmetry is obtained for the C₂^2– ions in the tetragonal structure determinations, as confirmed by X-ray single-crystal structures and ¹³C MAS NMR studies. The CaC₂ samples prepared by us were always a mixture of monoclinic and tetragonal phase. Their Raman spectra exhibited two distinct C₂ streching vibrations. Problems arising from the coexistence of these two phases for the interpretation of ¹³C MAS NMR spectra are discussed.     

啁啾光脉冲的振幅调制和相位扰动对压缩光脉冲的影响

 通过采用分步傅里叶变换法求解非线性薛定谔方程,模拟了啁啾光脉冲有振幅调制和相位扰动下的自相位调制（SPM）对压缩光脉冲对比度和预脉冲宽度的影响。结果表明：啁啾光脉冲的振幅调制深度和相位扰动深度越大,则压缩后的光脉冲对比度越小;啁啾光脉冲的振幅调制周期和相位扰动周期越小,则压缩光脉冲的预脉冲宽度越大。     

Temperature-electric field hysteresis loop of multicaloric effects in PbZr0.8Ti0.2O3 thin films

The Multicaloric effect in the PbZr_0.8Ti_0.2O₃ thin films is investigated with the application of sine wave electric field, dc electric field and stress using a phase field method combined with the thermodynamic analysis. The simulation results show that the adiabatic temperature change-electric field curve presents a shape of butterfly in the presence of the sine wave electric field. In order to detect the effect of the sine wave electric field, the multicaloric effect and the domain structures under the direct electric field and the sine wave electric field are compared. It is found that the domain switching behaviors are quite different under the different applied electric fields. And the negative multicaloric effect in the PbZr_0.8Ti_0.2O₃ thin film is attribute to the domain switching under the external field.     

贝利相与非线性输运

电子输运现象包含一系列很重要的材料性质,并可以用来提供关于载体物理系统的很多信息。在 最近的二三十年,人们逐渐认识到除了电子能谱之外,电子在布里渊区的几何性质,比如贝利曲率和 轨道磁矩,会在电子输运中起到关键性的作用。在线性输运现象中的此种关联已引起广泛的兴趣并得 到深入的研究。然而,在非线性输运现象中的电子几何性质的作用的研究最近才逐渐起步。此种关联 可以大大加深对各种非线性输运现象的认识,并对如何从材料控制上调节非线性现象的强度提供有价 值的研究视角和指导原则。基于此背景,本文试图引入研究输运现象的半经典理论框架,并在几种输 运现象中举例说明贝利相的作用。     

贝利相与非线性输运

电子输运现象包含一系列很重要的材料性质,并可以用来提供关于载体物理系统的很多信息。在 最近的二三十年,人们逐渐认识到除了电子能谱之外,电子在布里渊区的几何性质,比如贝利曲率和 轨道磁矩,会在电子输运中起到关键性的作用。在线性输运现象中的此种关联已引起广泛的兴趣并得 到深入的研究。然而,在非线性输运现象中的电子几何性质的作用的研究最近才逐渐起步。此种关联 可以大大加深对各种非线性输运现象的认识,并对如何从材料控制上调节非线性现象的强度提供有价 值的研究视角和指导原则。基于此背景,本文试图引入研究输运现象的半经典理论框架,并在几种输 运现象中举例说明贝利相的作用。     

Observation of flux qubit states with the help of a superconducting differential double contour interferometer

The critical current of a new structure, the superconducting differential double contour interferometer (DDCI), investigated recently, depends on the parity of the sum of quantum numbers of the two superconducting loops connected in two points by two Josephson junctions. The theory confirms that the DDCI structure can be used for the ideal readout of quantum states of the flux qubit. Large jumps in the critical current and voltage enables to observe continuously the change in time the state of the flux qubit. Such observations can have fundamental importance for the investigation of macroscopic quantum systems with strongly discrete spectrum such as the flux qubit. The DDCI structure can also be used for precise measurement of a very weak magnetic field.     

镁对方解石相变压力和拉曼光谱影响的实验研究

为研究镁对方解石在高压条件下的相变行为和拉曼振动光谱的影响,探索碳酸盐在地球深部的存在形式和物理化学性质,结合金刚石压腔和激光拉曼光谱,对具有不同镁含量的方解石开展高压实验研究。实验选取天然无色透明冰洲石、淡黄色半透明方解石脉和白色大理石作为研究对象,利用ICP-AES测定冰洲石和方解石脉的成分为CaCO₃;大理石中Mg/(Mg+Ca)摩尔比为0.03,其成分可简化为(Mg_0.03Ca_0.97)CO₃。每种方解石样品挑选两粒大小约为50~100×50×20 μm的颗粒放入金刚石压腔,并在不同压力下进行相变过程观察和激光拉曼光谱测量。实验结果显示,常压下冰洲石和方解石脉样品的T₁,T₂,ν₄和ν₁拉曼振动频率分别为156.82,283.55,713.86和1 088.19 cm-1,大理石样品的拉曼振动频率为158.15,284.76,715.07和1 089.20 cm-1,表明方解石中含有3 mol%的MgCO₃时会造成方解石的拉曼振动频率整体升高1 cm-1以上。但是该变化幅度在不同压力下没有显著差别,表明镁对方解石的拉曼振动频率随压力的变化速率(∂ν/∂p)没有明显影响。冰洲石和方解石脉样品在1.5 GPa压力附近转变为方解石-Ⅱ,并在2.0 GPa进一步变为方解石-Ⅲ或Ⅲb;相比之下含有3 mol%的MgCO₃的大理石则是在2.4和3.7 GPa时才转变为方解石-Ⅱ和方解石-Ⅲ。假设镁对方解石相变压力的影响是线性的,即方解石向方解石-Ⅱ和方解石-Ⅲ/Ⅲb的相变压力随MgCO₃含量的增加以0.30和0.57 GPa·mol%-1的速率升高,当MgCO₃含量达到50 mol%时,方解石向方解石-Ⅱ和方解石-Ⅲ/Ⅲb的相变压力将分别为16.5和30.5 GPa,这与白云石向白云石-Ⅱ和白云石-Ⅲ的相变压力吻合。结合前人关于方解石中MnCO₃含量对矿物相变压力和拉曼光谱影响的研究结果,发现当方解石中部分Ca2+被具有不同半径和质量的离子(如Mg2+,Mn2+等)替代以后,阳离子与CO2-₃之间以及CO2-₃内部C-O化学键长度和强度都会发生改变,从而引起矿物结构稳定性以及拉曼振动频率的明显变化;并且两种阳离子之间半径差别越大,该影响效果越明显。因此,在研究高温高压条件下方解石的相变行为和拉曼光谱时,矿物中Mg和Mn等杂质元素对矿物结构稳定性和拉曼振动频率的影响是必须考虑的关键因素之一。