全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3527篇 |
免费 | 340篇 |
国内免费 | 745篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3846篇 |
晶体学 | 36篇 |
力学 | 39篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
数学 | 3篇 |
物理学 | 678篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 39篇 |
2022年 | 41篇 |
2021年 | 91篇 |
2020年 | 105篇 |
2019年 | 110篇 |
2018年 | 107篇 |
2017年 | 134篇 |
2016年 | 144篇 |
2015年 | 150篇 |
2014年 | 171篇 |
2013年 | 371篇 |
2012年 | 247篇 |
2011年 | 279篇 |
2010年 | 188篇 |
2009年 | 220篇 |
2008年 | 211篇 |
2007年 | 208篇 |
2006年 | 194篇 |
2005年 | 197篇 |
2004年 | 172篇 |
2003年 | 166篇 |
2002年 | 116篇 |
2001年 | 98篇 |
2000年 | 97篇 |
1999年 | 74篇 |
1998年 | 72篇 |
1997年 | 80篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 44篇 |
1994年 | 45篇 |
1993年 | 27篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 33篇 |
1986年 | 38篇 |
1985年 | 61篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 24篇 |
1982年 | 36篇 |
1981年 | 30篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有4612条查询结果,搜索用时 359 毫秒
81.
由正硅酸乙酯水解制得的SiO2溶胶,在以γ—甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(TMSPM)为偶联剂的体系中,经溶胶-凝胶法制备了透明的光固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯杂化材料[(PUA—TMSPM)/SiO2]。研究了盐酸浓度对(PUA-TMSPM)/SiO2结构与性能的影响。结果表明:随着pH值减小,硅溶胶体系和(PUA-TM-SPM)/SiO2杂化体系的热稳定性增大;盐酸摩尔分数XHCl的增加使(PUA-TMSPM)/SiO2光固化膜表面的两相界面结合更紧密,涂层变得更致密,并导致膜的硬度和耐磨性提高。 相似文献
82.
用X射线衍射分析、FT-IR、小角X光散射等方法研究了浸渍法制备的NiO/SiO_2和NiO/(La_2O_3+SiO_2)样品中组分之间的相互作用。La_2O_3在SiO_2上可形成近乎密置单层的分散。在负载了La_2O_3的SiO_2上,NiO的分散程度比在SiO_2上有明显提高,也更容易被还原,而且还原后所得金属镍粒子的平均粒度降低,小粒子所占百分比提高。这些结果表明,NiO/(La_2O_3+SiO_2)比NiO/SiO_2样品具有更高的加氢还原硝基普鲁卡因为胺基普鲁卡因的活性,与Ni/(La_2O_3+SiO_2)比Ni/SiO_2活性高的情形相一致。 相似文献
83.
Pd-SiW12/SiO2催化剂上乙烯直接氧化制乙酸的反应机理 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用积分反应器和微分反应器对Pd-SiW12/SiO2催化剂上乙烯直接氧化生成乙酸的反应机理进行了探讨.乙烯在积分反应中氧化的主要产物为乙酸(选择性为77.6%),很少生成乙醛(选择性仅为8.1%);而在微分反应中氧化的主要产物是乙醛(选择性为98.4%).在微分反应中分别以乙醛和乙醇为主反应物时,乙醛氧化完全生成乙酸,选择性为100%,而乙醇氧化生成乙酸的选择性低于0.15%.可以认为,在Pd-SiW12/SiO2催化剂上,水蒸气存在下乙烯主要经由中间物乙醛而生成乙酸.通过对含有不同组分和不同还原条件处理的催化剂活性的比较,认为目的反应主要发生在Pd与SiW12相互接触的部位,催化剂中的Pd0是活性Pd物种的主要形态. 相似文献
84.
Kzysztof Schmidt-Szałowski Anna Borucka Sławomir Jodzis 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》1990,10(3):443-450
The catalytic action of granular silica packing on ozone formation has been observed under discharge conditions. Using a glass ozonizer with a metal high-voltage electrode, at a frequency of 400 Hz it was possible to obtain much higher ozone concentrations in the presence q( silica than without packing, with the same total energy consumption. The dependence between ozone production and energy efficiency is considered, and conditions of the optimum ozonizer run are discussed. It is shown that in the all-glass ozonizer with a narrow discharge gap, the ozone concentration may be as high as 6.5% (ca. 130g O3/m3) when silica packing is applied. 相似文献
85.
Thermal and Temporal Aging of Two Step Acid-Base Catalyzed Silica Gels in Water/Ethanol Solutions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Haereid S. Nilsen E. Ranum V. Einarsrud M.-A. 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1997,8(1-3):153-157
Dissolution and reprecipitation of silica during aging in water improve the wet gels mechanical stiffness and strength, and hence shrinkage during supercritical drying is reduced. We have investigated how the strength and stiffness of a 2-step TEOS acid-base catalyzed wet gel can be improved by aging in a solution of water/ethanol (20–40 vol%) at various temperatures (20–70°C) and time (2 h and 24 h) and how this influences the aerogels properties. The linear shrinkage during supercritical drying was reduced from 29% to 2% by introducing the aging step in the 20 vol% water/ethanol solution for 24 h at 60°C.We have also in previous works introduced the idea of preparing ambient pressure dried silica aerogels by increasing the wet gels stiffness by aging in a TEOS solution until shrinkage during drying is almost eliminated. The gels aged in the water/ethanol solutions were further aged in a TEOS/ethanol solution and the effect of the increasing water content in the pore liquid was studied. A xerogel density of 0.20 g/cm3 is reported for gels with a shear modulus (G) of 30 MPa. 相似文献
86.
87.
Jaroslav Stejskal Otakar QuadratIrina Sapurina Josef ZemekAlicja Drelinkiewicz Magdalena HasikIvo K?ivka Jan Prokeš 《European Polymer Journal》2002,38(4):631-637
Silica gel microspheres 7 and 15 μm in diameter were coated with an overlayer of polyaniline camphorsulfonate or hydrochloride during the oxidative polymerization of aniline. Coated silica gel and polyaniline precipitate were separated using a difference in sedimentation rate. In an alternative approach, the microspheres were modified with polyaniline in the presence of 35 nm colloidal silica. This technique prevented the macroscopic precipitation of polyaniline. Coatings of neat, 3-aminopropyl- and octadecyl-modified silica gel with polyaniline hydrochloride were compared. The surface composition of coated microspheres was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Potential applications of particles in electrorheology, organic catalysis, and in modeling of conductivity behavior in composites are demonstrated. 相似文献
88.
采用脉冲D2反应研究了CeO2在Co-CeO2/SiO2费托合成催化剂中的作用机理. 通过比较在Co-CeO2/SiO2和Co/SiO2催化剂上的脉冲D2反应实验结果发现, CeO2可以提高载体表面 Si-OH 的H-D同位素交换活性和 Si-OH 中H参与CO加氢反应的活性; CeO2不仅增加了催化剂表面活性碳物种的总量,而且活性碳物种以链增长单体-CH2-为主,因而有利于增加费托合成反应速率和链增长几率; CeO2的加入明显提高了催化剂表面碳原子的加氢反应速率,从而减少了碳沉积. 相似文献
89.
Pyrocarbon/silica gel adsorbents (carbosils, CS) with mesoporous Si-60 (Merck, granule size 0.2–0.5 mm) modified by pyrolysis of CH2Cl2 at 823 K and reaction time from 0.5 to 6 h and then hydrothermally treated at 473 K for 6 h were studied by means of TEM, adsorption and 1H NMR methods. Changes in the structural and adsorptive characteristics of hybrid adsorbents before and after hydrothermal treatment, which depend on pyrocarbon content (C
C), were analyzed on the basis of TEM micrographs and p-nitrophenol and nitrogen adsorption isotherms treated using a constrained regularization method. Interfacial water layers in aqueous suspension of CS were investigated by means of 1H NMR with freezing-out of bulk water at T < 273 K showing nonlinear changes in the Gibbs free energy of interfacial water with increasing C
C because of nonlinear dependence of the structural characteristics of pyrocarbon deposits and CS as a whole on C
C. 相似文献
90.
以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构导向剂,通过水热法合成了具有立方结构的含钕Nd-MCM-48介孔分子筛材料。XRD和TEM测试表明当nNd/nSi<0.05时可以获得典型的长程有序介孔立方结构相,随nNd/nSi比的增加,晶胞参数的增大和红外吸收光谱(FT-IR)的变化为Nd进入介孔分子筛骨架中提供了有力证据。N2吸附-脱附实验给出了其BET表面积为1 195 m2·g-1,BJH平均孔径为3.6 nm。紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)证明钕氧形成一种八面体结构。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)进一步证明钕主要以三价形式存在于立方介孔分子筛骨架中。 相似文献