多孔扩散型消声器外壳对其性能影响的研究

多孔扩散型消声器由于其体积小、消声性能高而广泛应用到排气噪声的降低上,其外壳对消声器的消声性能具有重要作用。本文对此类消声器外壳的孔型、孔径和孔距以及外壳同消声材料的配合方面进行了细致的实验研究,特别对外壳与消声材料的配合与其排放噪声以及外部流场之间的关系进行了探讨,得到了一些有用的结论,对消声器性能的提高具有一定指导意义。     

Y型熔锥光纤耦合器的应变响应

本文对已广泛应用于光纤通信或作为光纤传感系统中处理元件的Y型单模熔锥光纤耦合器对应变的响应进行了研究.在悬臂梁上进行的应变实验表明,该型耦合器的耦合比不但对应变敏感,而且有单调性.其中,值得注意的是Y型耦合器的应变响应灵敏度高于结构检测中常用的电阻应变片对应变的响应灵敏度.     

激发光强度对多孔硅拉曼光谱的影响①

报道了经较强激发光辐照后的多孔硅呈现出的独特拉曼光谱性质,其一阶拉曼峰随着激发光功率的不同而变化。当激发光功率增大时,其峰位逐渐红移,同时峰的宽度变大,这种变化是可逆的。我们讨论了产生该现象可能机制。     

Effect of launching condition in response time analysis for few selected tapered porous clad optical fiber gas sensors

In this paper, the effect of launching condition of light and the geometry of the sensing region in the case of detection of gases using attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) technique in multimode step index tapered fiber has been described. Using ray approach the response time of the sensor in case of parabolic, linear and exponential-linear tapered optical fiber have been carried out. It has been shown that launching condition and geometry of the sensing region effect the sensitivity of the sensor. Out of three designs the sensor having exponential-linear tapered with selected ray launching has maximum sensitivity and low response time of the sensor.     

Statistical Properties of Laser Speckles Generated from Far Rough Surfaces

The statistical properties of speckle patterns generated from far rough surfaces, under illumination of a Gaussian beam, are investigated. The surface roughness dependence of the first- and second-order moments of intensity is theoretically investigated, and their analytical expressions have been derived and presented. The analysis indicates that the mean intensity distribution on the receiver plane is closely related to the ratio of the lateral correlation length to the surface root mean square (rms) height. On the other hand, the speckle size and the correlation degree of the speckle intensities are found to be independent of the parameter characterizing the roughness of a surface, and are only determined by the laser beam waist.     

激光聚变中存在吸收的图像重建

提出了一种处理激光等离子体中含吸收的图像重建方法,且运用最大熵原理推导出适用于含吸收的重建算法,采用不同的图像实例进行模拟计算,结果表明采用吸收校正方法的精度明显高于不考虑吸收校正的精度。     

Vocal Intensity Characteristics inNormal and Elderly Speakers

The relationship of lung pressure, fundamental frequency, peak airflow, open quotient, and maximal flow declination rate to vocal intensity for a normal speaking, young male control group and an elderly male group was investigated. The control group consisted of 17 healthy male subjects with a mean age of 30 years and the elderly group consisted of 11 healthy male subjects with a mean age of 77 years. Data were collected at three levels of vocal intensity: soft, comfortable, and loud, corresponding to 25%, 50%, and 75% of dynamic range, respectively. Phonational threshold pressure and lung pressure were obtained using the intraoral technique. The oral airflow waveform was inverse filtered to provide an approximation to the glottal airflow waveform from which measures of fundamental frequency, peak airflow, open quotient, and maximal flow declination rate were determined. Excess lung pressure was calculated as lung pressure minus estimated phonational threshold pressure. The results show for both groups an increase in sound pressure level across the conditions, with corresponding increases in lung pressure, excess lung pressure, fundamental frequency, peak airflow, and maximal flow declination rate. Open quotient decreased with increasing vocal intensity. Lung pressure, sound pressure level, and peak airflow were all found to be significantly greater for the control group than for the elderly group at each condition. Open quotient was found to be significantly lower in the control group than in the elderly group at each condition. No significant difference was observed for excess lung pressure, phonational threshold pressure, fundamental frequency, or maximal flow declination rate between the two groups. These results show that a difference in vocal intensity does exist between young and elderly voices and that this difference is the result of differences in lung pressure, peak airflow, and open quotient.     

Stress analysis of restrained bending for box beam with rectangular cross-section filled by honeycomb core

On the basis about studying free bending for box beam with rectangular crosssection filled by honeycomb core, supplementary displacements and stresses of restrained bending for such beam were analyzed. The hypothesis for separated variables was adopted to solve displacement. According to this, three aspect equations of geometrical, physical and balance were obtained. With Galerkin‘s method, it is summed up as two-order ordinary differential equations with the attenuation character. Analysis makes clear that attenuation speed of stress is concerned with a big load or a small one, geometric dimensions of crosssection of beam, and physical parameter of material.     

浑浊散射介质中被测成分线性吸光度提取与模型转换研究

近红外漫反射光谱法可用于物质成分定性、定量分析,具有快速、无损检测等优点,在食品、制药、环境监测、生命科学等领域有广泛应用。采用近红外漫反射光谱对浑浊散射介质进行成分定量分析时,由于光散射作用,介质吸光度随测量距离不再呈线性变化,不同测量距离下测量模型也很难转换。从扩散方程出发,提出了从漫射光谱中提取线性吸光度的方法,获得了与测量距离无关的介质光学参数--有效衰减系数的光谱,该光谱可反映介质吸收变化,并用于物质成分测量。具体采用了双位置差分法,可在线性吸光度的范围内任意选取两个光源-探测器距离测量,通过差分获得与测量位置无关的有效衰减系数光谱,其中测量距离可依据波段灵活地进行选择。另外,经理论推导可知,差分运算的同时还大大削减了光子扩散对测量的影响,有利于不同散射特性的介质间光谱模型的相互借鉴。经理论计算、蒙特卡洛模拟和实验验证,在1 000~1 360 nm波段,该方法适用于强散射的浑浊水溶液。对散射系数处于较大范围（28.53～87.47 cm-1）的intralipid水溶液进行了测试,获得了线性吸光度的光源-探测器距离范围。进一步以葡萄糖为被测成分为例,获得了葡萄糖在intralipid水溶液中的有效衰减系数光谱。采用测量距离连续可调的漫反射光谱测量系统进行了实验,测量范围位于0～0.3 cm,测试了3种典型的介质（3%,5%,10%Intralipid水溶液）。结果可知,3种介质中葡萄糖光谱呈现一致性,它们之间的测量模型可以方便地进行线性转换。研究对象intralipid水溶液常作为生物组织的仿体,其光学参数也覆盖了常见的牛奶、果汁等被测浑浊溶液,因此测量结果具有广泛的适应性。综上,该研究实现了对浑浊水溶液中物质成分线性吸光度的提取,该方法不仅使得测量位置的选择更加灵活方便,还有利于实现不同散射介质间模型的线性转换,特别适用于介质成分复杂多变的场合下的测量应用,如对人体组织、牛奶或食品中的成分测量等。     

水声学中地声反演的新进展

地声反演自上世纪七十年代以来一直是水声学中的热点问题,至今热度未减。然而,几乎所有的海底反演工作都建立在假设的地声模型之上,因此反演得到的海底地声参数只是“等效”意义上的结果,而不是介质本身的固有参数,尤其是海底衰减系数的频率特性会发生严重的畸变。本文中,我们通过重新回顾海底声学反射特性的概念,给出所谓“等效”海底参数的物理意义;为了克服地声模型失配的困难,我们建议采用海底反射特性参数(P, Q)来描述海底(海底分层时用P(f)、Q(f));最后介绍两种能够提取海底介质真实衰减系数的新方法： “WKB+P(f)”方法 和 “N×HHS”方法。