Axisymmetric laser welding of ceramics: comparison of experimental and finite element results

In this paper, we compare experimental data for a laser spot weld on a ceramic to the solution from an adaptive finite element model of the system. Our focus is on validating the finite element model, which necessarily includes numerous simplifications. We assume an axisymmetric geometry and flow profile, with a flat free surface. Buoyancy and surface tension drive the liquid motion in the molten ceramic pool beneath the laser, which is calculated using the axisymmetric forms of the continuity, momentum and energy equations. Latent heat, temperature-dependent material properties and radiation effects are all included in the formulation. These equations are solved with standard finite element techniques utilizing mesh relocation with a movement indicator based on solution gradients. Comparision with experimental data indicates that the numerical techniques used successfully predicted the depth and diameter of the actual ceramic weld pool.     

求解二维三温能量方程的基于AMG预条件子的Krylov子空间迭代法

本文对一类二维三温能量方程的实际应用问题，建立了一种半粗化的代数多重网格法（SAMG），进而得到了以该SAMG方法为预条件子的Krylov子空间迭代法。数值实验结果表明，该方法对求解二维三温能量方程的实际问题是十分有效和健壮的。     

Deterministic global optimization in isothermal reactor network synthesis

The reactor network synthesis problem involves the simultaneous determination of the structure and operating conditions of a reactor system to optimize a given performance measure. This performance measure may be the yield of a given product, the selectivity between products, or the overall profitability of the process. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear program (NLP) using a superstructure based method in which plug flow reactors (PFRs) in the structure are modeled using differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). This formulation exhibits multiple local minima. To overcome this, a novel deterministic global optimization method tailored to the special structure and characteristics of this problem will be presented. Examples of isothermal networks will be discussed to show the nature of the local minima and illustrate various components of the proposed approach.     

Numerical solution of the St. Venant equations with the MacCormack finite-difference scheme

This paper describes the use of the MacCormack explicit time-spilitting scheme in the development of a two-dimensional (in plan) hydraulic simulation model that solves the St. Venant equations. Various tests devised to assess the performance of the method have been performed and the results are reported. Finally, two industrial applications of the model are presented. The method has been found to be computationally efficient and warrants further development.     

一类退化反应扩散方程波前解的最小波速问题

本文给出了退化反应扩散方程波前解的最小波速的估计。     

带有分段常数变元的时滞微分方程解的稳定性和振动性

本文讨论带有分段常数变元的时滞微分方程解的渐性性质。我们利用Ｒａｚｕｍｉｋｈｉｍ方法证明了零解的稳定性，并且改进了文［１］得到的两上振动定理。     

The Electrolytic Dissociation of Mellitic Acid

An analysis of the peculiarities of the dissociation of mellitic (benzenehexacarboxylic) acid was carried out with the aid of a method previously described by the authors. Values of the degrees of dissociation for the different steps, and the concentrations of various ionized and non-ionized forms of this acid, were determined. Empirical equations are suggested for the easy approximate calculation of the degrees of dissociation of dilute solutions of mellitic acid.     

一类非自治发展方程一致吸引子的存在性

本文主要讨论一类非线性发展方程整体强解的长时间行为,利用文献[3]的方法,我们获得了整体强解对应的解过程族的一致耗散性,然后,通过验证一致(关于σ∈Σ)ω-极限紧,得到了系统的一致吸引子的存在性,其中非线性项满足临界指数增长条件.     

Numerical simulation of two-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder close to a plane boundary

Two-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of a circular cylinder close to a plane boundary are investigated numerically. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved using the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) scheme with a k-ω turbulence model closure. The numerical model is validated against experimental data of VIV of a cylinder in uniform flow and VIV of a cylinder close to a plane boundary at low mass ratios. The numerical results of the vibration mode, vibration amplitude and frequency agree well with the experimental data. VIV of a circular cylinder close to a plane boundary is simulated with a mass ratio of 2.6 and gap ratios of e/D=0.002 and 0.3 (gap ratio is defined as the ratio of gap between the cylinder and the bed (e) to cylinder diameter (D)). Simulations are carried out for reduced velocities ranging from 1 to 15 and Reynolds numbers ranging from 1000 to 15 000. It is found that vortex-induced vibrations occur even if the initial gap ratio is as small as e/D=0.002, although reported research indicated that vortex shedding behind a fixed circular cylinder is suppressed at small gap ratios (e/D<0.3 or 0.2). It was also found that vibration amplitudes are dependant on the bouncing back coefficient when the cylinder hits the plane boundary. Three vortex shedding modes are identified according to the numerical results: (i) single-vortex mode where the vortices are only shed from the top of the cylinder; (ii) vortex-shedding-after-bounce-back mode; (iii) vortex-shedding-before-bounce-back mode. It was found that the vortex shedding mode depends on the reduced velocity.     

Stable Determination of X-Ray Transforms of Time Dependent Potentials from Partial Boundary Data

We consider compact smooth Riemmanian manifolds with boundary of dimension greater than or equal to two. For the initial-boundary value problem for the wave equation with a lower order term q(t, x), we can recover the X-ray transform of time dependent potentials q(t, x) from the dynamical Dirichlet-to-Neumann map in a stable way. We derive conditional Hölder stability estimates for the X-ray transform of q(t, x). The essential technique involved is the Gaussian beam Ansatz, and the proofs are done with the minimal assumptions on the geometry for the Ansatz to be well-defined.