Effect of gaunt factor correction in soft x-ray plasma diagnostics

The effect of Gaunt factor correction on temperature estimation over a range 100 to 1500 eV had been studied. Greene’s analytical expression for the quantum mechanical Gaunt factor averaged over Maxwellian distribution is used. Transmission ratios are calculated with and without Gaunt factor for various combinations of beryllium foils, taking into account x-ray emission due to free-free transitions. A significant difference (≳ 15%) is observed between the temperatures estimated from classical and quantum mechanical curves, above 600 eV. Selection of foil combinations useful for estimating higher temperatures is also discussed.     

An injection-locked single-mode tea CO2 laser for SMM laser pumping

A D₂O laser has been developed for collective Thomson scattering measurements of ion temperature in high temperature plasmas. A pulse duration and a spectral width of a high power D₂O laser has been successfully controlled for this purpose, by using a TEA CO₂ laser injection-locked by an etalon-tuned TEA CO₂ laser as a pump source.     

Melt-casting of Si-Al-Y-O glasses and glass-ceramics by combustion synthesis under high gravity

Si-Al-Y-O glasses and glass-ceramics were prepared via melt-casting by combustion synthesis under high gravity. The phase assemblage and microstructure of the cast products strongly depended on the content of SiO₂ and the additive ZrO₂ or La₂O₃ in the starting compositions. With increasing content of SiO₂, the glass-forming ability of the melt was enhanced. The additive ZrO₂ was not dissolved into the glass and inclined to crystallize, but La₂O₃ was inclined to remain in the glass matrix instead of precipitation. With a short processing period and lower energy consumption, combustion synthesis under high gravity can offer a new approach to fast fabrication of glass and glass-ceramic materials.     

利用时间分辨Ar的K壳层发射光谱诊断内爆靶丸芯区电子温度的时间演化过程

在神光Ⅱ装置上的内爆实验中,通过在充氘气(D2)的靶丸中掺入氩(Ar)元素,利用晶体谱仪配条纹相机测量得到了内爆停滞阶段Ar的K壳层发射光谱随时间的变化。在实验中,观测到Ar的Heα,Heβ以及Lyα线发射,持续时间大约200ps。用Heα线与Lyα线强度比值来推断靶丸芯区电子温度。利用碰撞辐射模型,从理论上计算出Heα线与Lyα线强度比值随电子温度、数密度的变化。通过将实验上观测到的Heα线与Lyα线强度比与理论计算值相比较,获得了芯区电子温度随时间的演化。并计算比较了不同电子密度条件下推断出来的电子温度的差异,证明诊断电子温度的方法对电子数密度的变化不敏感。利用逃逸因子修正了自吸收效应,从计算的结果可以看出在目前的实验中Heα线和Lyα线是光学薄的。     

Langmuir双探针诊断Ne辉光放电管电子密度

应用Langmuir双探针诊断理论,对充有氖气的石英放电管中的辉光放电等离子体进行了诊断,通过实验测得伏安特性曲线,计算得出电子温度和电子密度,讨论了等离子体的宏观参量与电子温度和电子密度的关系.采用直径为0.1 mm的探针对等离子体进行诊断,不仅减小了对所测等离子体区域的扰动,而且减小了读取伏安特性曲线所带来的误差.     

Modì: a new mobile instrument for in situ double-pulse LIBS analysis

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising technique for in situ elemental analysis. A new mobile instrument for LIBS analysis, developed in a collaboration between Marwan Technology s.r.l. and the Applied Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory in Pisa, is presented, and some applications of it and results from it are outlined. The innovative experimental set-up, based on the use of two suitably retarded laser pulses and a standardless analysis procedure, which overcomes problems related to matrix effects, greatly improves the potential of this technique for accurate quantitative analysis.      

Synthesis of nano-size BaMgAl10O17:Eu blue phosphor by a rapid exothermic reaction

Ultrafine particles of BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu²⁺ (BAM) phosphor were synthesized by a solid-state combustion reaction in a powder bed of 0.9BaCO₃+MgO+5Al₂O₃+0.05Eu₂O₃+k(KClO₃+1.5C) composition. A large exothermic reaction of the mixture (KClO₃+1.5C) leads to a self-sustaining combustion mode. Under optimized combustion conditions, the product consisted of BAM powder and KCl was obtained. BAM ultrafine particles resulting from the combustion process were easily obtained by simply washing the salt by-product with water. Combustion-processed BAM phosphor shows a homogeneous grain size of 100-500 nm, good dispersity, regular morphology, and improved luminescence properties.     

Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy during atomic layer deposition of HfO2 films from tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)hafnium and water

Tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)hafnium and water are commonly used precursors for atomic layer deposition of HfO₂. Using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy with a buried-metal-layer substrate, we probe surface species present during typical deposition conditions. We observe evidence for thermal decomposition of alkylamido ligands at 320 °C. Additionally, we find that complete saturation of the SiO₂ substrate occurs in the first cycle at ≈100 °C whereas incomplete coverage is apparent even after many cycles at higher temperatures. The use of this technique as an in situ diagnostic useful for process optimization is demonstrated.     

奶制品热值测定

利用WZR-1A型精密微电脑量热计系统地测量了8种奶制品的恒容燃烧热.准确称取一定量的基准物质,放入氧弹中充入高压纯氧,将测试样品在氧弹中完全燃烧,并记录燃烧前后时间与量热计温度变化数据,利用仪器自带的数据处理软件计算出仪器热容量,然后再准确称取一定量的奶制品,装入已准确测定热值的燃烧胶囊中后,将测试数据用自编的计算机处理程序对测试数据处理,从而得到奶制品的燃烧热值.此法准确、简便、实用,可用于日常检测工作.     

Mit Radioquecksilber markierte Nuklearpharmaka. Präparation und Untersuchung über Zusammenhänge zwischen chemischer Konstitution und Organaffinität

Mit Radioquecksilber markierte organische Präparate haben eine groβe Bedeutung für die nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik, speziell für die statische Nierenszintigraphie. Nach Diskussion von Kriterien für die Entwicklung von Nuklearpharmaka wird auf die Pharmakologie und Biochemie quecksilberhaltiger Pharmaka eingegangen. Am Beispiel der beiden Präparate Chlormerodrin und Mersalyl wird dargelegt, welche Möglichkeiten für Synthesen zur Veränderung der chemischen Konstitution und damit der Pharmakokinetik bestehen. Zum Schluβ des ersten Teiles wird kurz auf die Oxymerkurierung von Olefinen eingegangen.