CCD抽样对傅里叶变换轮廓术的影响

从傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)原理入手,分析了傅里叶变换过程中频谱的产生,给出了CCD像元信号强度及其经抽样后的变形条纹的表达式,得出了变形条纹的傅里叶频谱式,其频谱是原连续函数的频谱在频域内的无限重复,即"频谱岛"。频谱中除了基频外,还产生了二级、三级等的高级频谱。给出了抽样条件及满足抽样条件的方法:当抽样频率与光栅基频的比值m>4时可以恢复物体的面形,反之不能;减小抽样间隔可以使m>4。给出了实验结果:当m=2.0883时,物体面形没有恢复;当m=16.6667时,物体面形得到了恢复。实验结果证明了理论分析的正确性。     

基于CCD对高斯光束进行实时判断及特性参数的测量

主要使用等距四点采光测量法,用CCD进行采样,电脑编程处理来判断、分析和研究高斯光束的光强在空间的分布情况——传播特性。并利用计算机可以实时判断激光器输出是否为高斯光束,如是高斯光束,还可以实验测得高斯光束的径向强度分布、束径以及扩散角。     

基于联合变换相关的机载航空相机像移测量

为了提高像移测量精度,针对机载航空摆扫相机提出一种坐标变换法和图像相关法相结合的像移测量方法。利用坐标变换法得到初始像移速度,利用图像联合变换相关法对像移速度残差进行补偿。联合图像通过一个面阵CCD获得,该面阵CCD放置在相机焦平面上并与成像线阵TDI CCD平行,其输出的当前图像与参考图像合并构成联合图像进行二维空间联合变换相关运算,得到像移修正矢量。对该矢量分别在相机摆扫方向和载机飞行方向进行分解,从而得到摆扫像移和前向像移的修正量。仿真实验结果表明,在输入图像信噪比为4 dB时,像移测量误差在0.1 pixel以内。     

Characteristic X-ray detector: In-situ imaging of radioactive contaminant distributions

The characteristic X-ray detector (CXRD), a CsI(Tl) scintillator with a 50-mm diameter, is a directional X-ray sensor that measures characteristic X-rays from radioactive material, such as ¹³⁷Cs, and identifies the direction of radioactive contamination. We evaluated a CXRD and visualized the distribution of radioactivity in the contaminated area near the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power station, where the ambient dose equivalent rate was 2.1 μSv/h at 1 m above ground level. We found a good correlation between the characteristic X-ray fluxes and the distribution of radioactive contaminants with a 0.823 Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient.     

Observation of radially polarized terahertz radiation generated by a sub-picosecond electron beam

The fundamental property of radially polarized terahertz radiation, which is axial symmetry of the polarization state in the radial direction, was measured with a Schottky diode detector and with a terahertz camera and wire-grid linear polarizer. Radially polarized terahertz radiation was generated from coherent transition radiation using a 30-MeV sub-picosecond electron beam. Bow-tie intensity distributions, aligned along the polarization direction, were clearly observed with the terahertz camera and could be rotated by changing the direction of the linear polarizer. The measured intensity distribution agreed with the calculated value. A video of the data can be found online.     

Evaluation of radiation damage behavior in polyimide aerogel by infrared camera and photoacoustic spectroscopy

In this work, the optical absorption and thermal properties of polyimide aerogel have been investigated by Infrared Camera, ultraviolet–visible and photoacoustic spectroscopy under low energy proton irradiation. The characterization method of the infrared camera can obtain the optical absorption ratio, and meanwhile get the information of specific heat capacity. Moreover, it can acquire the nature information of damaged area rather than the overall performance. The results show an increase in optical absorption after proton irradiation, which is in good coincidence with Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy analysis. And the specific heat capacity decreased linearly with proton fluences, which can be attributed to the irradiation damage and carbonization in polyimide aerogel. The Raman spectra suggested the cleavage of chemical bonds and carbonization in polyimide aerogel. This work provides the novel, non-destructive and sensitive methods to characterize irradiation damage of aerogel.     

光纤光谱仪的多样化组装及应用——介绍一个仪器分析实验

介绍了一个本科生的仪器分析实验——光纤光谱仪的多样化组装及应用。利用光源、光纤和电荷耦合器件检测器等部件,组装出紫外-可见光谱仪、分子荧光光谱仪、近红外光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪和激光诱导荧光光谱仪。通过本实验,不仅能够拓展传统光学实验的内容,而且可以通过自己动手组装仪器,培养学生的专业实践能力和知识应用能力。     

基于两平行线及其线上三点的摄像机标定方法

在大视场交通监控摄像机的标定中,由于不便于放置大尺寸标定靶标,常采用交通标线构成的特定几何图形替代标定靶标,但许多交通场景仅有一组平行的车道分界交通标线,难以获得传统标定方法所需的标定约束条件。针对此类交通场景,选取两平行交通标线和其中一条线上的三点作为标定参考物,依靠其中一条线上三点在单幅图像中的像素坐标、三点间的两个距离值及平行线间距作为约束条件来完成摄像机的标定。建立了图像坐标系与世界坐标系之间新的换算关系,推导出了摄像机内外参数的求解公式,探讨了旋转角对测量误差的影响。实验结果表明,在约束条件不足的情况下能够获得较好的摄像机参数近似解,沿道路方向上的测距精度优于对比文献的结果,具有标定参考物选取容易、操作简便、几何约束条件少等优点,适用于交通监控系统中大视场摄像机的快速标定场合。     

Flexible sheet with radiophotoluminescence glass beads for remotely monitoring high beta-surface-contamination

A flexible sheet was made with radiophotoluminescence (RPL) glass beads on an experimental basis for visualization of high beta-surface-contamination. A simple RPL observation system for remote contamination monitoring was constructed with a homemade UV floodlight and a commercially available digital camera with supplementary optical lenses and filters. In preliminary experiments, RPL images were well observed with the digital camera of the present system. Their precise RPL intensity was determined after the correction of nonlinear response of the camera. It was expected from experiments that RPL images of beta-surface-contamination could be quantitatively evaluated through calibration, i.e., the conversion of camera images to dose data on the sheet-type glass dosimeter.