聚酰胺生产新技术—苯不完全加氢制环己烯的开发研究

本文介绍并评述了由苯不完全加氢制环已烯这一聚酰胺生产的全新技术路线.通过与现存的工艺进行对比分析,阐述了它在工业生产上的巨大应用前景.对其关键步聚苯不完全加氢生成环己烯,从反应工艺、催化剂制备、反应机理及环己烯的分离与应用等几个方面,综述了其历史、现状和未来发展趋势.     

5A分子筛负载纳米镍铈粒子在气相苯加氢反应中的催化活性

将纳米镍铈粒子负载到５Ａ分子筛上制成负载型催化剂，用气相苯加氢反应考察其催化活性，并通过ＳＥＭ和ＸＲＤ技术检测反应前后催化剂上纳米金属粒子的分散及晶相变化情况。与非负载型纳米镍铈粒子催化剂进行比较，结果显示二者的催化活性与纳米镍铈粒子的储氢特性及表面层中铈镍合金的存在有关。     

Photochemical Rearrangements and Fragmentations of Benzene Derivatives and Annelated Arenes

In this article the numerous intramolecular reactions of electronically excited benezene derivatives, which in many instances are only mentioned in original papers, are systematically analyzed and arranged according to reaction types. All known reaction types can be classified, and subdivided into reactions of the benzene ring (ionization, ring opening, ring alteration), reactions with participation of side chains (α-, β-, γ-cleavage, homolysis, heterolysis), reactions of substituents with side chains (cyclization, dealkylation, cleavage of protective groups), and reactions of side chains with the aromatic ring (substitution, addition, dearomatization, cyclization). The selectivity of the energetically feasible competing reactions is primarily determined by geometric factors. Applications of the empirical effects are numerous and varied in preparative organic chemistry. Many of the reactions under discussion are already utilized industrially (e.g. in photochromism, UV stabilization, photography, information storage, printing, coating and polymer technology, and pharmacy).     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱分析海水和沉积物中的苯、甲苯、乙苯及二甲苯

单环芳烃苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯（简称BTEX）是石油的重要组分，也是环境中需要重点监测的致癌污染物。本实验建立了动态顶空（吹扫捕集）和光离子化检测器的气相色谱测量海水、沉积物中痕量BTEX的方法。在120—1200ng／L的浓度范围，苯、甲苯、乙苯、间对二甲苯及邻二甲苯标准溶液的检出限分别为6．4、35．2、15．8、12．3、10．7ng／L，相对标准偏差0．9％-6．1％。样品无需预处理，海水中BTEX回收率为93．50％-98．40％。7个渤海表层海水样品中BTEX的浓度均低于140ng／L；海底沉积物中苯、甲苯、乙苯、间对二甲苯及邻二甲苯浓度分别为169—1243、531—1732、1308—5624、237—1136、510—5194ng／L。测量方法和结果对评价环境污染具有重要意义。     

The use of symmetry in direct Møller-Plesset second-order calculations

Summary An algorithm for utilising abelian point group symmetry in direct MP2 energy calculations is presented. This is based upon the direct MP2 method of Head-Gordon, Pople and Frisch. The method uses the petite atomic orbital integral list as in conventional transformations coupled with a symmetry adaption of the three quarter transformed integrals. Representative calculations for ethylene and benzene are presented which demonstrate the potential of the method.     

Investigation of Soot Deposition and Composition in a Radio Frequency Plasma of Benzene

A radio frequency (rf) discharge has been utilized to study the decomposition of benzene. SEM inspection has shown that the size of soot particles ranged from 0.5 to several μm. The soot deposited on silicon wafers was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was shown that the main components of the soot are polyphenyls (biphenyl and terphenyls) and a trace amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Acetylene and hydrogen have been detected by plasma diagnostics techniques using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and optical emission spectroscopic techniques. However, GC/MS analysis has shown that the relative yields of PAHs are much less than those of polyphenyls, which indicates that the conventional hydrogen abstraction-acetylene addition (HACA) model for soot formation is not applicable to the benzene plasma due to the reason of temperature. The rf power, the carrier gas flow-rate, the relative yields of polyphenyls, and plasma temperatures were correlated. The reaction pathways of benzene elimination and soot formation in plasma are discussed. This study has provided a new route to control the contamination due to PAHs.     

气相色谱法测定环境空气和废气中的2-丁酮和苯

用活性炭吸附环境空气和废气中的2－丁酮和苯，经二硫化碳解吸后用气相色谱法测定。方法的回收率2－丁酮为86．2％－104．6％， 为91．3％－105．7％。相对标准偏差2－丁酮为2．5％－2．8％，苯为2．5％－3．8％，当采样体积为20L，解吸液体积为2.00ml，进样体积为2μl时，2－丁酮和苯的最低检测浓度分别为0.03mg.m^-3和0.01mg.m^-3。     

稀土富勒烯与苯的气相加合

内嵌稀土元素的富勒烯化合物一稀土富勒烯Lit＠CZ。是一类新型的化合物．它具有独特的“超分子结构和巨大的潜在用途，将在未来的功能材料开发中起到不可估量的作用［‘］．目前关干稀土富勒烯的研究主要集中于稀土富勒烯的合成、分离、纯化、表征和理论方面．关于稀土富勒烯化     

气体流动热量计和苯、苯-环已烷气体热容的测量

A set of vapor-flow calorimeter has been constructed on the basis of Power's adiabatic calorimeter and Clarke s flash boiler. It can determine the heat capacities of mono-or multi-component vapors from vaporizing temperature to 600 K and 10—600 kPa pressures. For the calibration of the instrument, the heat capacities of benzene have been measured under 51.1, 101.3, 309.3 and 495.2 kPa and 370—600 K tempera-tures. For multicomponent vapor, benzene-cyclohexane has been determined. The results showed that the calorimeter has both the precision and accuracy better than 1.0% for either pure or mixtural vapors.