New technique to simulate angular patterns of polarized signals from multiply scattering media in MFOV and CCD lidars

We present a semi-analytical approach to determine angular patterns of a polarized intensity that form lidar signals from multiply scattering media registered by a monostatic multiple-field-of-view receiver or CCD camera for any polarization state of incident light and any analyzer state at a receiver. Multiply scattering media with a highly forward elongated phase functions are considered. The model of lidar signal formation includes the single near-backscattering and small-angle multiple scattering of light. The developed approach allows computation and analysis of polarized images, including the Mueller matrix images, formed by the laser light backscattered by multiply scattering media, for example, from atmospheric clouds, ocean waters, tissue, etc.     

The experimental and computer studies of the double-scattering effect for polycrystals

The effect of double scattering of 10–35 keV Ar ions by a copper polycrystal has been studied in the case of asymmetric reflection. Contributions from collisions of various multiplicities to the obtained energy spectra have been analysed theoretically. The spectra are computer-calculated using the statistical trial method with due account for a discrete set of possible distances between the surface atoms which scatter the ions. The charge-exchange processes are also included in the calculations.     

Enhancement of imaging depth and definition for optical coherence tomography by using sodium chloride agent

Sodium chloride (NaCl) water solution of different concentrations has been applied to human fingers to improve the imaging depth and the definition of optical coherence tomography images. It is found that the saturated NaCl solution of 36% concentration leads to the most effective enhancement, which is observable 1 min after the agent is applied to a sample surface. In contrast, for unsaturated NaCl agent of less than 30% concentration, both imaging depth and imaging definition first decrease for the initial few minutes and then increase. In general, reduction of NaCl concentration results in not only less enhancement of image quality but also longer leading time for the effect to be seen than that with saturated solution.     

A multilens Raman cell as a tool to obtain high optical quality and efficient 1st Stokes backward conversion

A multilens high pressure H₂ cell has been used to demonstrate that efficient, high optical quality and low threshold down-conversion to 1st Stokes can be obtained also with a poor quality broadband pump, with just the condition that the pump pulsewidth is larger than the cell transit time. A backward 1st Stokes with 0.7 overall quantum efficiency conversion has been obtained from a broadband Nd:YAG duplicated laser.     

The fundamental surface science of wurtzite gallium nitride

A review is presented that covers the experimental and theoretical literature relating to the preparation, electronic structure and chemical and physical properties of the surfaces of the wurtzite form of GaN. The discussion includes the adsorption of various chemical elements and of inorganic, organometallic and organic species. The focus is on work that contributes to a microscopic, atomistic understanding of GaN surfaces and interfaces, and the review concludes with an assessment of possible future directions.     

新型遥感探测系统——白光激光雷达

 设计了一种新型的大气遥感探测系统——白光激光雷达,发展了一种雷达模式的宽谱范围长程差分吸收光谱探测方法。介绍了白光激光雷达系统结构和时间分辨光谱探测技术;阐述了飞秒激光在大气中自导光丝传输和产生的超连续白光的特性;利用该白光激光雷达系统对大气中氧气成分在685~694 nm和759~769 nm范围的长程差分吸收光谱进行了探测,并与Hitran数据库拟合计算的标准值进行比对,结果一致,验证了白光激光雷达遥感探测系统的正确性和实验方法的可行性。     

Raman-Mie方法反演气溶胶后向散射系数

传统的Klett和Fernald反演气溶胶法依赖于消光系数和后向散射系数的假设关系,给反演结果带来误差。根据纯转动拉曼后向散射系数仅是大气温度和压强的函数,设计的Raman-Mie方法用米散射和纯转动拉曼回波信号结合探空温度和大气压强共同反演气溶胶后向散射系数。不仅消除了Klett和Fernald方法引入假设带来的误差,还可避免因几何因子修正带来的影响。最后将该方法用于实验室自行研制的拉曼-米散射激光雷达,反演出了大气气溶胶后向散射系数廓线,实验结果与Klett(Fernald)方法分别进行了比较。     

利用转动拉曼测量大气气溶胶后项散射比

利用大气的弹性散射信号与整个转动拉曼信号的比值,不需要假设任何的气溶胶的消光与后项散射比值,就可得到大气气溶胶的后项散射比。通常测量部分转动拉曼谱线之和代替全部转动拉曼谱线之和。全部的转动拉曼谱线之和是不依赖温度,但部分的转动拉曼谱线之和却是与温度有关的。因此,利用转动部分拉曼谱线之和反演大气气溶胶的后项散射比就会带来误差。模拟了随温度变化不同转动量子数的拉曼谱线之和,并且计算了由这些不同转动拉曼谱线之和反演大气气溶胶后项散射比的误差。然后文章提出了一种新的方法,不需要测量整个转动拉曼谱线之和,而只需要测量单条转动拉曼谱线及大气温度,就可以获得大气气溶胶的后项散射比。最后通过实验给出了实际测量的大气气溶胶的后项散射比的结果。     

Comparison between the lab observations and DDA computations on the backscattering features of sphere-cone-oblate ice particles

Twenty sphere-cone-oblate ice particles are simulated for their backscattering observations in a microwave lab and calculations are done with the DDA method. The lab experiment and the DDA theory are briefly presented in this paper. The theoretical results are compared with the lab observations. It is shown that the theoretical results are consistent with the experimental data in general and that the backscattering ability of sphere-cone-oblate ice particles increases as the particle size parameter increases, and fluctuates in the so-called resonance region. The backscattering cross sections of sphere-cone-oblate ice particles depend not only on their sizes equivolume spherical radii R_e but also on their shapes. There is a statistically linear relationship between differential reflectivity Z_DR and the shape factor, 2a/h, which is the ratio of the horizontal scale to the vertical scale of a particle.     

基于双F-P干涉仪的多普勒测风激光雷达的性能分析

 自行研制了一台基于双边缘技术的多普勒激光雷达，用于测量对流层大气风场。该雷达采用具有高光谱分辨率的双Fabry-Perot干涉仪来检测气溶胶后向散射的多普勒频移量。给出了多普勒测风激光雷达的结构和参数。利用干涉仪参数讨论了雷达系统的测量精度。实验测定了双干涉仪的频谱曲线。通过计算和分析，由测量的干涉仪频谱曲线的的标准偏差引起的系统测量误差为0.5 m/s。系统的测量误差随着测量的高度和所测速度的增加在增大，在高度10 km测量50 m/s的风速时系统的测量误差小于2 m/s。