基于太赫兹时域光谱技术的诺氟沙星浓度检测研究

畜禽养殖中抗生素的不合理使用导致畜禽产品中抗生素残留问题时有发生,进而通过食物链影响食品安全,威胁人类健康。准确、快速检测出抗生素药物的含量对保障食品安全具有重要意义。以残留较为常见的喹诺酮类诺氟沙星抗菌药为研究对象,开展基于太赫兹光谱技术的诺氟沙星较大梯度和较小梯度的全浓度含量检测研究。在较大梯度诺氟沙星样本中,首先,在1%～100%范围内设置了11个浓度,完成较大梯度压片样本制备;然后经太赫兹时域光谱系统扫描获取其时域光谱,提取样本的吸收系数,用卷积平滑S-G二项式拟合滤波去除噪声、平滑样本光谱数据。发现纯净的诺氟沙星在1.205 THz处存在一个强烈吸收峰,在0.816 THz处存在一个弱吸收峰。最后,利用逐步回归和连续投影法(SPA)选择变量并结合特征吸收峰进行多元线性回归建模预测分析。进一步在较小梯度诺氟沙星样本研究中,首先在浓度100 μg·mL-1(0.01%)以下设置了29个浓度系列,完成较小梯度溶液样本制备;然后获得其太赫兹时域光谱,用S-G二项式拟合滤波进行数据预处理,发现各浓度的吸收光谱未出现明显差异,最后利用逐步回归和连续投影法(SPA)选择变量结合特征吸收峰实现多元线性回归建模预测分析。结果表明：在较大梯度诺氟沙星样本中逐步回归选择变量的多元线性回归达到了模型最优(R_p=0.962, RMSEP=2.74%),准确率优于当前已有最优预测模型(R_p=0.867, RMSEP=16.6%);小梯度诺氟沙星样本的逐步回归选择变量的多元线性回归模型最优(R_p=0.728, RMSEP=18.79 μg·mL-1),该方法有一定的预测能力,但是准确率有待提升。利用太赫兹光谱技术实现了较全浓度诺氟沙星的检测,为后续诺氟沙星检测限的探索等进一步研究提供了一定的研究基础。     

Peak height determination in analysis of chlortetracycline in animal feeds

Summary In an HPLC method for the analysis of chlortetracacline (CTC) in animal feed, a problem arose with the presence of peaks which did not return to baseline before the occurrence of a subsequent peak. Two methods were used to determine the peak height. In the first method, a perpendicular was dropped from the maximum of the second peak. A linear function was then fitted to the descending slope on the first peak. The point of intersection was taken as the baseline point. In the second approach, a polynomial fit was used instead. Results show excellent agreement with analysis obtained by established methodology. This approach provides a practical method for determination of chlortetracycline in animal feeds allowing up to six samples to be analyzed within 8 hours.     

Different solution and solid-state conformations of the antibiotic cycloheximide

The ¹H NMR spectra of the antibiotic cycloheximide in CDCl₃ and CD₃OD have been assigned. Analyses of coupling constants and difference NOE spectra showed different conformations in these two solvents, due to changeover between intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding. The twist boat cyclohexanone found in the solid state was not detected in solution. The results are compared with the solution and solid-state conformations of the antitumour agent sesbanimide A.     

A template guided approach to generating cell permeable inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus biotin protein ligase

Inhibitors of biotin protein ligase (BPL) are novel antimicrobial compounds with the potential to treat infections caused by bacteria resistant to current antibiotics. A novel BPL inhibitor (12, K_i 1.4 μM) was synthesized from biotin acetylene and an azide-functionalized analogue of fluorescent nitrobenzofurazan by Cu(I) catalysed cycloaddition and also by template guided synthesis using wild-type BPL from Staphylococcus aureus. LC/HRMS-based detection provides improved sensitivity over previous reports using a mutant BPL, with demonstrated applicability to other BPLs. Super-imaging fluorescence microscopy demonstrated the accumulation of 12 in the cytoplasm of S. aureus, but not Escherichia coli. This novel fluorescent probe can be used to gain new insights into the mechanism of uptake, efflux and metabolism of BPL inhibitors in S. aureus.     

自组装表面等离子体子共振传感器用于测定抗生素-蛋白结合率的研究

自行设计组装了一套以白色发光二极管为光源的新型表面等离子体子共振传感器, 并采用此传感器通过测量动力学参数测定了8种抗生素与固定在金膜上的牛血清白蛋白之间的结合率, 将所得数据与常用的平衡透析法进行了比较, 两者具有良好的可比性和线性相关性, 说明采用此法也可测定抗生素与蛋白的结合率. 该方法具有测定周期短、 样品用量少、 操作简便、 预测效果良好以及仪器易于小型化甚至微型化等优点.     

可见光光催化降解抗生素研究进展

随着抗生素废水在水体和陆地生态系统的肆意排放,抗生素污染已成为当今世界重要的环境问题。由于抗生素废水具有生物毒性大、含有抑菌物质等特点,传统的物理吸附法、生物处理法在处理这类难降解有毒有机废水,尤其是含残留微量抗生素的废水时效果较差。为了解决抗生素废水所引起的环境危机,人们尝试了许多方法。近年来,光催化技术作为一种适用范围广、反应速率快、氧化能力强、无污染或少污染的处理抗生素废水的方法受到人们广泛关注。半导体材料在太阳光照射下,可产生具有较强氧化作用的羟基或超氧自由基,从而起到降解抗生素分子的作用。然而,传统的光催化处理抗生素废水光催化剂主要局限于 TiO2半导体,它存在太阳光谱吸收范围窄、光生电荷复合率高等问题,严重制约其工业化应用。因此,人们一直致力于开发高效、稳定的可见光响应型光催化剂。本文根据光催化技术的基本原理,综述了目前几种基于不同策略设计开发可见光光催化降解抗生素废水的新型光催化剂的方法。
　　离子掺杂改性宽带隙半导体是开发高效可见光光催化剂的常用方法。通过过渡金属离子或非金属离子掺杂改性,可以使传统的 TiO2和SrTiO3等紫外光催化剂吸收带边发生红移,响应可见光,从而显著提高可见光下光催化剂降解抗生素的效率。然而必须注意的是,掺杂的金属离子本身会成为电子-空穴复合点位,因此,过量的掺杂金属或非金属离子可能会降低其光催化活性。考虑到单一半导体材料在光催化反应中存在的光生载流子容易复合、可见光利用率低等问题,构建异质结构复合光催化体系,通过不同半导体之间的协同作用,促进光生电荷的分离与转移,是获得高效光催化体系的重要策略之一。典型的 II型异质结光催化剂,当不同的半导体紧密接触时,由于异质结两侧能带等性质的不同会形成空间电势差,从而有利于光生载流子的分离,光催化效率提高。作为一种复合光催化体系,表面等离子体共振增强型光催化体系近年来引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。 Ag, Au和Pd金属纳米粒子在吸收光后其表面发生等离共振,随后等离子体发生衰减,把聚集的能量转移到半导体材料的导带。这个过程产生的高能电子(热电子),逃离贵金属纳米粒子而被与其接触的半导体收集,从而形成金属-半导体肖特基接触。形成的肖特基结可以显著提高光催化的光生电荷分离效率,从而提高光催化降解抗生素活性。
　　目前,与传统物化法/生化法相比,光催化技术用于处理抗生素废水具有十分明显的技术优势,在水处理方面有着很好的应用前景。针对目前光催化体系存在的光生载流子容易复合的巨大挑战,今后,构筑高效复合光催化体系(例如石墨烯基二维复合光催化剂在光生电荷分离、太阳光利用率等方面已展现出较好的综合性能)将成为高效光催化降解抗生素催化剂研发的重要方向之一。     

Batch‐injection versus Flow‐injection Analysis Using Screen‐printed Electrodes: Determination of Ciprofloxacin in Pharmaceutical Formulations

This article highlights the potential use of multi‐walled carbon‐nanotube modified screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) for the amperometric sensing of ciprofloxacin and compares the association of batch‐injection analysis (BIA) and flow‐injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection. Both analytical systems provided precise (RSD<5 %) and sensitive determination of ciprofloxacin (LOD<0.1 μmol L^?1) within wide linear range (up to 200 μmol L^?1). Accuracy of both methods was attested by recovery values (93–107 %) and comparison with capillary electrophoresis. The BIA system is completely portable (especially due to association with SPEs) and provided faster analyses (130 h^?1) and more sensitive detection than the FIA system due to the higher flow rates of injection.     

Adsorption of tetracycline using CuCoFe2O4@Chitosan as a new and green magnetic nanohybrid adsorbent from aqueous solutions: Isotherm,kinetic and thermodynamic study

Utilizing a new microwave-assisted method, CuCoFe₂O₄@Chitosan (Ch) was synthesized as a very strong, magnetically separable nano-adsorbent. The magnetic nanohybrid adsorbent was characterized by FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive X-ray), Mapping & Linescan, BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction analysis), TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis), and VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer) techniques. Then, the adsorption process of Tetracycline (TC) was investigated. The highest percentage of pollutant adsorption on the synthetic and real samples was recorded at an initial concentration of 5 mg/L, pH 3.5, contact time of 20 min, the dose of 0.4 g/L, and temperature of 25 °C, 93.07 %, and 67%, respectively. The TC adsorption process via the synthesized magnetic nanocomposite was consistent with the Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.992) and pseudo-second-order kinetic (K₂ = 0.267). The outcomes of thermodynamic analyses, which included entropy changes (ΔS = 10.122 J/mol.k), enthalpy changes (ΔH = ?1.975 kJ/mol), and the Gibbs negative free energy (ΔG = ?4.992 kJ/mol), revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, favorable, and exothermic. The good magnetic properties allow easy separation after the adsorption operation. Finally, the efficiency of the nano-adsorbent in the removal process was 82.16% after four adsorption–desorption cycles. Some advantages of this research are a fast and green method for synthesis of adsorbent, fast kinetic, and magnetic properties to easy separation.     

新型双大环二正丁基锡羧酸酯的合成、晶体结构及生物活性

在乙醇钠催化下, 将3-(1,2亚丙二硫基)亚甲基-2,4-二羰基戊烷与2-羰基苯氧乙酸进行缩合反应, 获得了柔性二元酸配体1[4-(1,2-亚丙二硫基)亚甲基-3,5-二羰基-1,6-庚二烯-1,7-二(2-羰基苯)氧乙酸(LH2)]. 再将配体1与二正丁基氧化锡进行脱水反应, 获得新型二正丁基锡羧酸酯配合物2. 采用元素分析、1H NMR、 IR及晶体结构测定等手段对配体1和配合物2进行了结构表征, 配合物2是以菱形环Sn2O2为中心对称的二聚体结构, 中心菱形环通过氧原子与2个环外锡原子相连. 每个羧基分别与环内锡和环外锡原子配位, 形成2个对称的六元环, 3个环呈梯形排列, 将整个分子分割成2个对称的二十二元大环. 初步研究了其杀菌活性和抗癌活性.     

First synthesis of (+)-myxothiazol A

First convergent synthesis of (+)-myxothiazol A (1) was achieved based on modified (one-pot) Julia olefination between (3,5R)-dimethoxy-(4R)-methyl 6-oxo-(2E)-hexenamide (2), corresponding to left-side of the final molecule, and E-4-2′-(1S,6-dimethylheptadiene)-(2,4′-bis-thiazole)-4-methybenzothiazole sulfone (4) corresponding to right-side.