Determination of colloidally-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fresh water using C18 solid phase extraction disks

A new application of reversed-phase octadecyl (C₁₈) solid phase extraction disks has been developed to separate the colloidally-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from those that were truly dissolved in the samples of fresh water. A correction for the retention of small amounts of colloidal material on the C₁₈ disks was required, which would have otherwise lead to minor underestimates in the degree of partitioning between the two phases. Using the humic substance Aldrich Humic Acid (AHA) as a model colloid and the 16 PAHs on the US Enrivonmental Protection Agency priority pollutant list, the partitioning coefficients of the PAHs between the colloidal and truly dissolved phases were shown to be proportional to the hydrophobicity of the PAHs, as measured by their octanol water partition coefficients (K_ow). The values for the partition coefficients obtained (cK_doc′) were similar to those previously reported in the literature using alternative methods, confirming that the technique was producing acceptable results. The technique allows the in situ partitioning of PAHs between the truly dissolved and colloidal phases in fresh water bodies to be determined. It will provide an invaluable cross-check of the laboratory-based methods which often require substantial manipulation of the sample and potentially alter the partitioning between the phases.     

Quantum-Chemical Evaluation of the Protolytic Properties of Thiophenols

The enthalpies and free energies of proton affinity (PA) were calculated by the PM3 method for 27 thiophenoxide anions. For thiophenols, linear correlation has been found between the PAs and the values of pK _a measured by different authors in aqueous acetone, aqueous ethanol, and methanol media. The dependences found permit one to predict a priori the protolytic properties of thiophenols. The differential effects of aqueous ethanol media with different ethanol contents on thiophenol acidity were evaluated based on quantum-chemical data.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by A. N. Pankratov and A. V. Shalabai__________Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 800–806, September–October, 2004.     

Active control and a simple estimation method for the onset of Rayleigh-Bénard convection in temperature-dependent-viscosity liquids

Active feedback control for the onset of Rayleigh-Bénard Convection in temperature-dependent-viscosity liquids is investigated. In this paper, three major problems are addressed: (1) The results of Tang-Bau control are improved by considering the effects of temperature-dependent viscosity; (2) A more efficient two-plate control strategy is presented. A phenomenon of coalescence of the unstable modes is observed as the controller gain is large enough; (3) A simple way to estimate the critical Rayleigh number under the effects of temperature-dependent viscosity is described. Numerical results show that the effects of temperature-dependent viscosity on the critical Rayleigh number should be taken into account in some cases and the onset of Rayleigh-Bénard convection can be effectively delayed or advanced by the active feedback control strategies studied here.     

活性炭酸处理对CuO／C催化剂上NO还原反应的影响

４种国产活性炭被用于ＮＯ还原反应，其中，山楂核炭和山桃核炭具有较高的ＮＯ还原转化率。实验发现，表面含氧基团－ＣＯＯ－对活性炭自身的还原性和对ＮＯ的还原活性有很重要的影响。对表面富－ＣＯＯ－基团的活性炭，稀盐酸处理使表面－ＣＯＯ－显著分解。     

金属配合物在天然药物研究及分析中的应用进展

评述了天然药物中有效成分的金属配合物在新药开发，天然药物中有效成分定量分析的应用进展，引用文献68篇。     

Li^＋／MgO上乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯的研究（Ⅱ）：催化作用机理

借助ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＴＧ等技术对Ｌｉ＾＋／ＭｇＯ进行了表征，结果表明，酸、碱中心的数目，强度、催化性与Ｌｉ＾＋的添加量相关 ，起酸碱作用的表面金属离子、表面低配位氧集团、Ｏ（Ｌ ｉ＾＋Ｏ＾－）是其反应的活性物种，反应机理可能由离子基、游离基协同完成。     

Fe/Zn双金属氰化物催化剂催化环氧丙烷聚合的活性结构研究

以氯化锌、铁氰化钾（含有整合剂）的水溶液为原料，合成了铁锌双金属氰化物（DMC）催化剂。为获得高活性的DMC催化剂，需将叔丁醇 、多元醇螯合剂螯合至其结构中，用XRD、XPS等分析手段，对铁锌DMC催化剂的结构与活性进行分析表征。实验发现，DMC催化剂的晶体结构与螯合剂密切相关，螯合剂能显著降低DMC催化剂的结晶程度，从而提高DMC催化剂的活性。同时，氯化锌过量也有利于DMC催化剂活性的提高。并表征了相关DMC催化剂的活性中心。     

长叶烯通过异构化,氧化和Prins反应合成新型香料

本文报道综合利用长叶烯（１）催化异构化为异长叶烯（２）及合成系列香料的方法；通过氧化反应合成不同香型烯醇酯类等；Ｐｒｉｎｓ反应合成系列化合物。鉴定了１０种香料化合物的香型。     

一种甲醇直接气相羰基化新催化剂

本世纪７０年代Ｍｏｎｓａｎｔｏ公司成功开发了甲醇液相羰化ＲｈＩ催化体系，使甲醇羰化生产醋酸成为重要的工业过程．然而，由于此工艺产物与催化剂分离复杂、铑资源紧缺以及体系中还必须加大量的碘甲烷（或氢碘酸）作促进剂，设备腐蚀严重．８０年代以来，甲醇气相羰...