颜色不稳定黄色蓝宝石的谱学特征与颜色成因

颜色不稳定黄色蓝宝石广泛存在市场中,如何有效鉴别颜色不稳定黄色蓝宝石的特征是当前宝石学研究的热点。利用改色实验、紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）、三维荧光光谱对颜色不稳定黄色蓝宝石进行深入的谱学特征研究。改色实验表明斯里兰卡黄色蓝宝石中部分存在光致变色的现象,短波紫外光会导致样品着色,而太阳光会导致样品褪色。紫外光照后黄色蓝宝石的颜色由稳定部分和不稳定部分共同组成。颜色不稳定蓝宝石的“着色态”和“褪色态”紫外-可见光谱可见明显的蓝紫区吸收,这可能与蓝宝石中O2--Fe3+的电荷转移有关,导致了蓝宝石稳定的黄色调。蓝宝石的紫外-可见光谱在“着色态”相比“褪色态”可见明显的蓝紫区吸收增强,可能由于紫外光照射增强了O2--Fe3+之间的电荷转移。紫外-可见光谱测试表明样品中具有弱的与Fe有关的吸收峰,这与样品含有较低的Fe含量一致,不足以产生稳定黄色调。三维荧光光谱分析结果表明颜色不稳定黄色蓝宝石的“着色态”和“褪色态”具有一致的激发光波长Ex=325～335 nm、发射光波长Em=560～570 nm的特征荧光中心,在“着色态”时的荧光强度明显高于“褪色态”。含铁黄色蓝宝石具有荧光效应且特征的荧光中心可作为识别这种颜色不稳定黄色蓝宝石的潜在鉴定手段。综合报道了颜色不稳定黄色蓝宝石的谱学特征与可能的颜色成因,为识别颜色不稳定的蓝宝石提供了鉴定依据,同时为后续改色处理的工艺提供了理论基础。     

基于QA Score的GDPS各个版本在黄海海域GOCI数据处理中的适应性分析

水体的遥感反射比光谱（R_rs(λ)）是海洋水色遥感反演海洋生物地球光学参数的关键,其定义是离水辐亮度与恰好水面之上的向下辐照度之比。海洋水色卫星传感器接收到的总信号中90%是大气的贡献,海洋水体贡献的离水辐亮度不足10%,因此对接收的信号进行大气校正获得高精度的水体遥感反射比信号是海洋光学遥感的关键技术之一。基于大量高质量的现场高光谱遥感反射比数据的基础上建立的R_rs(λ)光谱数据的质量评价体系QA(quality assurance),可以通过计算R_rs的得分情况（QA score）很好地识别出有问题或可能错误的R_rs(λ)光谱。GOCI(geostationary ocean color imager)是搭载在全球第一颗对地静止卫星COMS(communication ocean and meteorological satellite)上的主要传感器,由韩国海洋卫星中心（KOSC）发射,其高观测频次(8景观测数据/天)使生物地球化学参数的日变化监测成为可能。KOSC研发了GDPS (GOCI data processing system)软件专门用于GOCI数据处理,包括大气校正。到目前为止已为全球用户免费提供GDPS1.1, GDPS1.2, GDPS1.3, GDPS1.4, GDPS1.4.1, GDPS2.0六个版本。应用QA Score评价体系对于GDPS1.2, GDPS1.3, GDPS1.4.1, GDPS2.0四个版本在黄海海域处理得到的GOCI遥感反射比光谱数据的质量进行了评比。结果发现GDPS1.2的R_rs数据被视为无效的数据量明显大于GDPS1.3, GDPS1.4.1和GDPS2.0的处理结果;GDPS2.0的R_rs数据QA得分情况要差于GDPS1.2,GDPS1.3和GDPS1.4.1;GDPS1.3和GDPS1.4.1的数据处理结果基本相同,这与GDPS1.4在GDPS1.3的基础上只进行了软件模块化优化处理且修复了一些小问题的结果相吻合。基于该研究,黄海海域使用GOCI R_rs数据时,如果R_rs波段比是首要考虑因素（如反演叶绿素a浓度）且对有效数据数量要求不高,可以使用GDPS1.2版本进行大气校正;如果更关心的是某个波段R_rs值,则使用GDPS2.0进行大气校正更合适。     

Uranium recovery from Uro area phosphate ore,Nuba Mountains,Sudan

This study was carried out in a laboratory scale to recover uranium from Uro area phosphate ore in the eastern part of Nuba Mountains in Sudan. Phosphate ore samples were collected, and analyzed for uranium abundance. The results showed that the samples contain a significant concentration of uranium with an average of 310.3 μg/g, which is 2.6 times higher than the world average of phosphate. The green phosphoric acid obtained from the samples was found to contain uranium in the range of 186–2049 μg/g, with an average of 603.3 μg/g, and about 98% of uranium content of the phosphate ore was rendered soluble in the phosphoric acid. An extraction process using 25% tributylphosphate, followed by stripping process using 0.5 M sodium carbonate reported that more than 98% of uranium in the green phosphoric acid exists as uranyl tricarbonate complex, moreover, sodic decomposition using 50% sodium hydroxide showed that about 98% of the uranium was precipitated as sodium diuranate concentrate that is known as the yellow cake (Na₂U₂O₇). Further purification and calcinations of the yellow cake led to the formation of the orange powder of uranium trioxide (UO₃). The chemical analysis of the obtained uranium concentrates; yellow cake and uranium trioxide proved their nuclear purity and that they meet the standard commercial specification. The obtained results proved that uranium from Uro phosphate ore was successfully recovered as uranium trioxide with an overall recovery percentage of 93%.     

二氧化氯-碘化物-吖啶红高灵敏显色反应及其分析应用

在稀磷酸介质中 ,二氧化氯 ( Cl O2 )氧化 I- 形成 I3- ,I3- 进一步与吖啶红( ADR)阳离子形成离子缔合物 [ADR][I3]。在聚乙烯醇存在下 ,以试剂空白作参比 ,该离子缔合物的吸收波峰和波谷分别位于 5 82 nm和 5 2 6nm处 ,除波峰和波谷处吸光度与 Cl O2 的浓度有线性关系外 ,波峰和波谷的吸光度绝对值叠加也与 Cl O2 的吸光度呈直线关系。常规方法测定时 ,ε582 =1 .3× 1 0 5L· mol- 1· cm- 1;双波长法测定时 ,ε582 +52 6 =2 .9× 1 0 5L· mol- 1· cm- 1,对 Cl O2 的检出限分别为 0 .8μg/L和 0 .5μg/L。方法已成功地用于自来水中 Cl O2 的测定     

动力学荧光法测定痕量钒的研究

基于磷酸介质中，钒（Ⅴ）对溴钾氧化吖啶黄具有催化使用，使体系荧光猝灭，建立了动力学荧光法测定痕量钒的新方法。方法的线性范围为0．02－0．2μg.L^-1和0．2－2．0μg.L^-1，检出限为0．006μg.L^-1。将方法用于水样中钒含量的测定，结果满意，本实验还对反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

LD泵浦Nd:YVO4/LBO腔内和频连续黄光激光器

用国产半导体激光二极管泵浦Nd:YVO4晶体,通过优化膜系,调节1064 nm谱线的线性损耗以达到与弱谱线1342 nm 增益匹配,在室温下实现1064 nm和1342 nm双波长连续运转,并通过Ⅰ类临界相位匹配LBO晶体腔内和频在国内首次实现593.5 nm黄色激光连续输出,当泵浦注入功率为1.8 W时和频黄激光最大输出达85 mW,光光转换效率为4.7%,功率稳定性24 h内优于±2.8%.     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定酵母抽提物中9种黄色合成色素

本文建立了酵母抽提物中9种黄色合成色素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品用乙腈-甲醇(5∶5,V/V)提取,经聚苯乙烯/二乙烯苯(PEP)和C18粉净化,以Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18柱(100×3.0mm,1.8μm)分离,流动相为乙腈-10mmol/L NH4Ac,梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾负离子源(ESI-)、多重反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明,9种黄色合成色素在各自线性范围内相关系数(r2)均大于0.994;检出限(S/N3)为0.01~0.30mg/kg,定量限(S/N10)为0.02~3.0mg/kg,3个加标水平(1、2、10倍定量限)下,回收率为75.5%~115.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.7%~17.6%。该方法适用于酵母抽提物中9种黄色合成色素的同时测定。     

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between acridine orange and rhodamine 6G and its analytical application for vitamin B12 with flow-injection laser-induced fluorescence detection

By coupling flow-injection with laser-induced fluorescence detection, a setup was developed and a novel method combining fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and flow-injection analysis (FIA) was proposed for the determination of vitamin B₁₂ (VB₁₂) based on its fluorescence quenching on the system of acridine orange (AO)/rhodamine 6G (R6G). The effective energy transfer could occur between AO and R6G in the dodecyl benzene sodium sulfonate (DBS) while 454 nm argon laser was used as the excitation source, and as a result, the fluorescence emission of R6G has been increased significantly. It was found that the fluorescence of the above system could be sharply diminished by VB₁₂. By using the mixed solution AO-R6G-DBS and the same solution containing VB₁₂ as the carrier and sample, respectively, a series of negative peaks which could be applied for the quantification of VB₁₂ were obtained. The detection limit for VB₁₂ was 1.65 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L. The linear range for determining VB₁₂ was 4 × 10⁻⁴ to 2 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L (correlation coefficient, r = 0.9923). The method was applied to measure VB₁₂ injections with satisfactory results.     

Determination of hydroxysafflor yellow A in rat plasma and tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography after oral administration of safflower extract or safflor yellow

A simple and reproducible HPLC method for quantification of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) in rat plasma and tissues after oral administration of safflower extract or safflor yellow (SY) was developed. Sample preparation was achieved by protein precipitation of plasma and tissue homogenates with three volumes of methanol. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde was used as the internal standard (IS). HSYA and IS were separated on a Hypersil BDS-C(18) column with a gradient elution system composed of acetonitrile and aqueous acetic acid. UV detection was used at 320 nm. The calibration curves were linear in all matrices (r(2) > 0.999) in the concentration ranges 0.51-101.36 microg/mL for plasma, 12.27-2454.46 microg/g for intestines and 0.96-192.20 microg/g for lung. The intra-day and inter-day precision were all less than 12.5%, and the extract recovery was in the range 64.1-103.7% with RSD less than 15.6% for HSYA in all matrices. The method was used successfully to quantify HSYA in rat plasma and tissue samples to support a pharmacokinectic study.     

Photo-catalytic degradation of different toxic dyes using silver nanoparticles as photo-catalyst,mediated via Citrus aurantium peels extract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was accomplished using peels (rind) extract of Citrus aurantium as a reducing as well as capping agent. Biosynthesized AgNPs (silver nanoparticle) has been characterized via UV–Visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, EDAX, TEM and TGA. The observed UV–Vis analysis resulted in the formation of characteristic surface plasmon resonance absorption band centered at 465 ​nm. The observed XRD patterns, having hkl values (111), (200), (220) and (222), confirms the cubic crystalline structure of AgNPs. The average grain size 9.5 ​μm was observed by the SEM technique. Bio synthesized AgNPs were efficiently degrading the methylene blue dye nearly 95.35% in 98 ​h of exposure time. It also degraded acridine orange dye 87.34% and rose bengal dye 90.09% followed by 4h of continuous UV absorption. It also degrades methyl orange dye nearly 51% in 10h of solar irradiation. Synthesized AgNPs can be used as photo-catalyst for degrading toxic dyes.