晶界在多晶ZrO2基固体电解质中的作用

在实验的基础上将ZrO₂基固体电解质的晶界分为三类:“清洁”晶界、含非晶相的晶界和含晶态相晶界,并分析了各类晶界的形态与性质,其中根据有效介质理论的计算,晶态晶界相的电导率约为基体的三倍,因而据此提出了一个运用“晶界工程”进一步提高ZrO₂导电性的方法。用理论模型分析了各类晶界对ZrO₂氧传感器输出电势的影响。 关键词：     

超细粉Pb0.75Ca0.25[(Ni1/3Nb2/3)0.08Ti0.912Mn0.008]O3的制备与表征

报道了用化学共沉淀法制备掺杂Ca、Ni、Nb、Mn钛酸铅超细陶瓷粉末的方法。制得的粉料化学式为:Pb_0.75Ca_0.25[(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.08Ti_0.912Mn_0.008]O₃,粒径小于0.1μm,所有的掺杂元素均能定量掺入。     

掺铬铝酸钇红色颜料的合成、结构和性能表征

研究了高温固相合成制备掺铬铝酸钇红色颜料的方法，着重考察了灼烧温度（1000-1400℃）、灼烧时间（1-2h）、主要原料配比（Al／Y：1：0．5—1：1．5，Cr2O3％：0．3％-5％）等实验条件对产物结构和色泽的影响。XRD等方法对样品进行的相态分析表明，主相为铝酸钇石榴石相；运用反射光谱对红色颜料的色泽进行了反射峰位和相关强度的表征。当Y2O3：Al2O3摩尔比为1：1，掺杂3％的Cr2O3作显色剂，在少量矿化剂存在时，在1300℃下灼烧1 h，得到了色坐标为x=0．577，Y=0．401的红色陶瓷颜料。     

低温燃烧法制备Nd:YAG透明激光陶瓷粉体

以硝酸盐和柠檬酸为初始原料，用低温燃烧法制备出掺钕钇铝石榴石（Nd：Y3Al5O2，Nd：YAG）多晶超细粉体，并采用XRD，SEM等测试手段对粉体的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明，在950oC煅烧2h得到了结晶性能良好的Nd：YAG超细粉体，该粉体分散均匀、粒级分布窄、平均粒度为50nmo上述粉体加入0．5％正硅酸乙酯成型后，采用SPS于1600℃，30MPa下烧结5min后相对密度达98．5％，晶粒尺寸在1μm左右，显微结构均匀，气孔率低。     

CePO_4/Ce-ZrO_2可加工陶瓷性能与断裂机制研究

以Ce ZrO2为基体,通过复合不同加入量的第二相CePO4颗粒,研究了陶瓷材料力学性能的变化,并借助加载能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料弯曲断口及压痕裂纹扩展方式进行分析。当CePO4加入量为25%时,虽然材料力学性能有一定下降,但已经能用WC刀具进行加工。材料的弯曲断口显示,CePO4在两相体系中的断裂呈层片状形式;加入CePO4后,由于两相之间弱结合界面的存在,压痕裂纹扩展形式发生明显变化,由连续扩展机制过渡为不连续扩展。由这两种机制形成的材料断裂过程是阶段性的,在实际中可以用作材料最终破坏前的预报。     

ZnVSb基压敏陶瓷中尖晶石相形成机理的研究

ZnO压敏电阻陶瓷是一种典型的“晶界特性”功能陶瓷材料，材料的宏观电学特性与陶瓷的显微组织结构有密切联系。由于ZnSb尖晶石相在使ZnO基压敏电阻陶瓷显微形貌细化和均匀化方面有明显促进作用，自ZnO基压敏电阻发明以来．ZnSb尖晶石在其中的形成机理就成为该陶瓷研究领域的热点。     

Influence of Nucleation Agents Concentration on Crystallization Structure and Properties of Glass-ceramics

Deep color glass-ceramics is prepared by using gold tailings as the main raw material, and Cr2O3 is added as nucleation agent. Influence of different Cr2O3 additions on crystallization structure and properties of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics has been discussed so as to select optimum additions. DTA is employed to determine optimum crystallization and nucleation temperatures; XRD and SEM are used to characterize microstructure of each sample; and performance indexes, such as water absorption, bulk density, flexural strength and so on, are also determined. Experimental results show that when 3wt% Cr2O3 is introduced, fine glass-ceramics with diopside as the main crystal and Ca-Fe diopside as the second-crystal is obtained, and its corresponding performance indexes are as follows: water absorption 0.12%, bulk density 2.56 g/cm3, and flexural strength 70.01 Mpa.     

Cr,Fe,Cu/Al2O3界面化学结构的光电子能谱

应用Ｘ－射线光电子能谱，通过离子刻蚀，原位研究第四周期过渡金属与氧化铝所形成界面的化学状态，结果表明，Ｃｒ，Ｆｅ在界面处有不同程度的氧化，氧化程度Ｃｒ＞Ｆｅ，而Ｃｕ则无明显氧化。化学成份的定量分析表明，界面过渡层的厚度与界面化学反应强弱直接相关。     

Preparation, Electrochemical Behavior and Electrocatalytic Activity of a Copper Hexacyanoferrate Modified Ceramic Carbon Electrode

A copper hexacyanoferrate modified ceramic carbon electrode （CuHCF/CCE） had been prepared by two-step sol-gel technique and characterized using electrochemical methods. The resulting modified electrode showed a pair of well-defined surface waves in the potential range of 0.40 to 1.0 V with the formal potential of 0.682 V （vs. SCE） in 0.050 mol·dm^-3 HOAc-NaOAc buffer containing 0.30 mol·dm^-3 KCl. The charge transfer coefficient （a） and charge transfer rate constant （ks） for the modified electrode were calculated. The electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode to hydrazine was also investigated, and chronoamperometry was exploited to conveniently determine the diffusion coefficient （D） of hydrazine in solution and the catalytic rate constant （kcat）. Finally, hydrazine was determined with amperometry using the resulting modified electrode. The calibration plot for hydrazine determination was linear in 3.0 × 10^-6--7.5 × 10^-4 mol·dm^-3 with the detection limit of 8.0 × 10^-7 molodm^-3. This modified electrode had some advantages over the modified film electrodes constructed by the conventional methods, such as renewable surface, good long-term stability, excellent catalytic activity and short response time to hydrazine.     

含纳米晶颗粒的Yb3+/Er3+共掺透明碲酸盐玻璃陶瓷的光谱性质研究

在组成为15Li2O-15Nb2O5-70TeO2-0.1Er2O3-0.4Yb2O3（%, 摩尔分数）的碲酸盐玻璃基础上, 采用两步热处理法制备了透明的含纳米晶颗粒碲酸盐玻璃陶瓷. 通过X射线衍射（XRD）测试表明, 玻璃陶瓷中的晶体颗粒组成为Yb6Te5O19.2或Er6Te5O19.2, 晶粒尺寸约为55 nm. 根据Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Er^3＋离子在基质玻璃和玻璃陶瓷中的光谱参数Ωt（t＝2, 4, 6）以及Er^3＋：4I15/2→4I13/2跃迁自发辐射几率, 根据McCumber理论计算了Er^3＋：4I13/2→4I15/2跃迁的发射截面. 测试了基质玻璃和玻璃陶瓷的拉曼光谱, 对比研究了铒离子在基质玻璃和玻璃陶瓷中1.5 μm处荧光和上转换光谱特性.