Al掺杂Li-Ni-O系列电池正极材料的制备与性能研究

以Ni(NO₃)₂、Al(NO₃)₃和LiOH为原料，研究了一种制备锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_1-xAl_xO₂(x=0.025～0.30)新的共沉淀方法：在前驱体的制备过程中采用超声波振动，在焙烧前用无水乙醇保护前驱体，并在空气气氛下对前驱体进行焙烧。采用充放电测试、XRD和循环伏安研究了掺铝量、焙烧温度和时间、补锂量以及超声波振动对LiNi_1-xAl_xO₂性能及结构的影响。结果表明，在空气气氛中，正极材料LiNi_1-xAl_xO₂中Al的最佳含量为x=0.2，最佳焙烧温度为700 ℃，焙烧时间为16 h,补锂量为0.05(即：n_Li∶n_Ni+Al=1.05∶1)效果较好；并发现掺铝有利于形成和稳定α-NaFeO₂型层状有序结构。同时发现，超声波振动提高了电池材料的性能。     

超声波技术制备功能化二氧化硅在苯酚和碳酸二甲酯甲基化反应中的应用

Porous silica modified with -（CH2）3NH2 （primary amine）, -（CH2）3NHCH2CH2NH2 （secondary/primary amine） and -（CH2）3N-cycl-（CH2）4 （tertiary amine） were synthesized by ultrasonic technique under mild conditions. The samples were characterized by BET, elemental analysis and TG, showing that the organosilane moieties were grafted onto the surface of porous silica by covalent bond. The structure of the organosilane moieties and ultrasonic treatment time were all significant for the quantities of grafted amino groups. The samples exhibited promising catalytic properties towards the methylation reaction of phenol with dimethyl carbonate （DMC）. The methylation reaction with the modified samples featured high selectivity at high conversion. The samples were subjected to utilization for a few recycles without obvious loss of activity to indicate that ultrasonic technique was effective for the preparation of organically modified porous silica catalysts.     

乙酰苯胺在超声波作用下的N—烷基化

超声波作为一种新型能量形式用于许多有机反应。我们对乙酰苯胺的相转移催化N-烷基化反应进行了研究。发现超声波作用能使反应在室温下顺利进行,反应产率令人满意。 所用试剂除卤代正丁烷为化学纯外均为分析纯。超声波装置为上海超声波仪器厂CQ-250型超声波清洗仪。红外光谱由岛津IR-408型仪器测定。 在圆底烧瓶中加入乙酰苯胺2.7g(0.02mol),适量相转移催化剂(PTC),50mL苯,4g氢氧     

有机声化学反应

本文综述了近年来有机声化学反应的研究进展,介绍了声化学反应的应用及其实施方法,并对声化学反应机理进行了初步讨论。     

N,N''''-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,6-己二胺合成研究

采用超声波辐射使2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶酮(俗称三丙酮胺)和己二胺在室温条件下发生亲核加成反应,加成产物经减压蒸馏脱除水分子生成西佛碱,收率达75%;然后,在55～80℃、1.9～2.0 MPa条件下,以W-7型或-4型骨架镍作催化剂,对该西佛碱氢化,得到N,N'-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,6己二胺.     

N，N′-二（2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基）-1，6-己二胺合成研究

采用超声波辐射使2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶酮(俗称三丙酮胺)和己二胺在室温条件下发生亲核加成反应，加成产物经减压蒸馏脱除水分子生成西佛碱，收率达75％；然后，在55-80℃、1．9～2．0MPa条件下，以W-7型或T-4型骨架镍作催化剂，对该西佛碱氢化，得到N，N′-二(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1，6己二胺。     

壳聚糖超声可控降解及降解动力学研究

通过正交实验法考察了壳聚糖溶液浓度、反应温度、超声强度以及醋酸溶液浓度对超声降解反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件,制备了一系列不同分子量的壳聚糖.研究了壳聚糖溶液浓度、反应温度以及壳聚糖原料分子参数与降解速率常数的关系.通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射和凝胶渗透色谱对降解产物进行了表征.结果表明,超声降解壳聚糖的最佳条件为10℃,壳聚糖溶液浓度2.5g/L.降解速率常数随壳聚糖溶液浓度和反应温度的降低而增大.高分子量和低脱乙酰度的壳聚糖原料有较高的降解速率和降解速率常数,壳聚糖原料的分子量对降解速率和降解速率常数的影响大于脱乙酰度对其的影响.超声波导致了壳聚糖分子量的降低和产物晶体结构的破坏,但没有改变产物的脱乙酰度和糖残基结构.     

油田稠油污水深度处理回用热采锅炉的软化处理技术

针对油田热采直流蒸汽锅炉给水水质要求，采用离子交换法对稠油污水进行软化处理，经过对比实验，确定选用大孔弱酸阳离子交换树脂D113，投入中试运行二个月，来水平均硬度为170mg/L，出水硬度未检出，达到了蒸汽热采锅炉对进水水质硬度的要求，大孔弱酸阳离子交换树脂进行酸再生和碱转型，可以有效地抵抗有机污染负荷，实现高浓度，高水温有机污水的软化处理。     

Activity Enhancement of Vanadium Catalysts with Ultrasonic Preparation Process for the Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide

The effect of ultrasonic cavitations on the activity of vanadium catalysts at low temperatures for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide, in which refined carbonized mother liquor had been added, was investigated.Twenty minutes were needed to produce obvious cavitations when the catalyst raw material was treated in the 50 W ultrasonic generator. However, only 10 minutes would be needed in a 150 W ultrasonic generator.The higher the temperature of the wet material, the less time was needed to produce cavitations, and the optimal temperature was 60℃. The water content in the wet material mainly affected the quantity of cavitations. Ls-8 catalyst was prepared using ultrasonic. Its activity for conversion of SO2 reached to 52.5% at 410℃ and 4.2% at 350℃. The differential thermal analyses indicate that both endothermic peaks and exothermic peaks noticeably shifted forward compared with Ls catalyst prepared without ultrasonic, and SEM results show a uniform uore size distribution for Ls-8 catalvst.     

超声波辐照下聚氧化乙烯与甲基丙烯酸己酯非均相共聚反应研究

本文系统地研究了地超声波辐照下聚氧化乙烯(PEO)在其水溶液中与甲基丙烯酸己酯(HMA)的非均相共聚反应。结果表明,PEO超声降解产生的自由基可引发HMA聚合,形成PEO-HMA共聚物,该共聚物在超声波辐照下可进一步降解。通过红外光谱、裂解气相色谱及核磁共振分析表明,所得共聚物为嵌段共聚物。