微观结构对膜换湿能力影响研究

对多孔膜换湿过程进行了理论分析,得到了透湿量和湿阻的计算式.同时对三种膜包括PVDF,PES和纤维素膜进行了湿阻的测量实验,通过对实验数据的回归处理,得到了多孔膜的结构参数.结果表明,膜厚、孔径分布、孔隙率及曲折因子对膜的换湿特性都有较大影响,在平均孔径相同的情况下,其它因素仍然导致了不同膜换湿能力的较大差距。在所获得的结构参数基础上,通过数值模拟的方法研究了平均孔径对膜换湿能力的影响。结果表明湿阻随平均孔径的增大而减小,减小趋势逐渐平缓最后趋向一定值。     

Rate effect and coupled evolution of atomic motions and potential landscapes

Since rate effect of materials plays a key role in impact engineering, the microscopic mechanism of rate effect is investigated at molecular level in this paper. The results show that rate effect on the strength of atomic system is closely related to the coupled evolution of atomic motions and potential landscapes. Accordingly, it becomes possible to develop a new algorithm of molecular simulation, which could properly and efficiently demonstrate strain rate effect under a wide range of loading rates and unveil the mecha- nisms underlying the strain rate effects.     

试探《物理学》的美学原理

本文通俗地描述物理学中所包含的美学原理．使工科师生也能从非功利的视角来认识物理学的博大精深．     

用理想气体物态方程求玻耳兹曼常量——宏观理论与微观理论的印证

从热力学与统计物理两个角度建立了理想气体的物态方程，通过比较两个方程求出玻耳兹曼常量，说明宏观理论与微观理论是相互印证的．     

2004年拉曼光谱学国际会议(Ⅱ)

大会上宣读的论文还有 :(35 )YHuang,应用傅里叶转换 拉曼光谱技术研究沸石主体中客体分子的构象性能 ;(36)HMohaptra ,液 液界面的高分辨率近场测定的初步探索 ;(37)HTori,在氢键合的肽体系中酰胺Ⅰ模式的振动相互作用 ;(38)FRull,缩影图的显微拉曼光谱分析—西班牙Val adolid     

Effect of Metallic Film in Diamond Growth from an Fe—Ni—C System at High Temperature and High Pressure

The metallic film surrounding a diamond single crystal,which plays an important role the diamond growth from and Fe-Ni-C system,has been successfully investigated by using transmission-electron microscopy(TEM),Raman layer(near diamond)of the film by TEM and Raman spectroscopy,but a parallel relationship exists between the(111) plane of γ-(Fe,Ni) and the (100) plane of (Fe2Ni)3C in this region.Compared with that of the film has an increase of 0.9V.According to the microstructures on the film obtained by the TEM.Raman spectra,and XPS,the catalytic mechanism of the film may be assumed as follows.In the surface layer of the film,iron and nickel atoms in the γ-(Fe,Ni) lattice can absorb carbon atoms in the (Fe,Ni)3C lattice and make them transform to an sp^3-like state.Then carbon atoms with the sp^3-like structure are separated from the (Fe,Ni)3C and stack on the growing diamond crystal.This study provides a direct evidence for the diamond growth from a metallic catlayst-graphite system under high temperature and high pressure.     

Bi系多芯丝超导带材的超导性能与微观组织分析

本文采用XRD和SEM技术分析了具有不同临界电流密度(Jc)的Bi系多芯超导带材.结果表明,样品中Bi-2223晶粒高度取向排列,其取向因子F值在0.947～0.977范围内.SEM分析结果发现,高Jc样品中在平行于带材平面的片状的Bi-2223晶粒的晶界处残留的杂质主要为CuO晶粒,它与Bi-2223晶体结合紧密.在低Jc 的样品中,Bi-2223晶片边界存在的杂质颗粒尺寸较大,其成分为(Sr,Ca)CuO和CuO的混合体.样品的横断面和纵断面的SEM观察发现,在高性能的样品中,芯丝烧结体的致密度较高.枝条状Bi-2223晶体穿过银层,在芯丝之间形成了很强的连接体.本文讨论了临界电流密度与微观组织的关系.     

MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SPIN—VALVE MULTILAYERS BY X—RAY ANOMALYOUS DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE

It is impossible to directly analyze the microstructure of spin-valve multilayers based on Ni,F,Cu and Mn by a conventional X-ray diffraction technique because the lattice parameter and atomic sattering factor sof them are very close.To solve this problem, we use an x-ray anomalous diffraction technique to characterize the microstructures of the [Ni80Fe20/Fe50Mn50]15 and [Ni80Fe20/Cu]15 superlattice systems.The results show that more diffraction peaks and higher internsity in the reflectivety profile are observed when the incident energy is close to the absorption edge of the lighter element(Mn) in [Ni80Fe20/Fe50Mn50]15 multilayer systems and to the absorption edge of the heavier element (Cu) in the [Ni80Fe20/Cu]15 multilayer systems.The interface and periodic structure of [Ni80F20/Fe50Mn50]15 are more perfect than that of the [Ni80Fe20/Cu]15 superlattices.The above results are disussed in this paper.     

InGaN量子点的诱导生长和发光特性研究

降低InGaN的维数是提高GaN基发光器件发光效率的一种非常有效的方法，本文的工作主要集中在高密度InGaN量子点的生长和分析上。在MOCVD设备上，经过钝化和低温两个特殊工艺条件，在高温CaN表面生长了一层低温岛状GaN．形成表面形貌的起伏，进而导致表面应力的不均匀分布。在这一层低温岛状GaN的诱导性作用下生长并形成InGaN量子点。通过原子力显微镜、透射电子显微镜和光致发光谱对其徽观形貌和光学性质进行了观察和研究。从原子力显微镜以及透射电子显微镜观察得到的结果表明：InGaN量子点为平均直径约30nm、高度约25nm、分布较均匀的圆锥，其密度约10^11cm^-2。室温下，InGaN量子点材料的PL谱强度大大超出相同条件生长的InGaN薄膜材料。这些现象表明，用InGaN量子点代替普通InGaN薄膜．有望获得发光效率更高的GaN基发光器件。     

Ford著《经典与近代物理学》简评

19世纪末20世纪初的物理学革命，诞生了以相对论和量子力学为代表的近代物理学，这不仅使人们对物质世界的认识扩展到了高速和微观的范畴，而且有力地促进了其他基础学科和科学技术的发展，也为开辟新的技术领域提供了理论上的基础。因此，如何在大学物