单层类水滑石纳米片的可控合成及规模生产展望

水滑石(LDHs)是一种阴离子黏土材料,由于其主体层板厚度的可调性,使其在光/电催化、电池、超级电容器、传感器以及生物医药等领域都具有广泛应用。降低层厚至单层可使材料的物理化学性质发生根本改变,从而优化催化性能。近期研究表明,利用自上而下,自下而上的方法,可以实现单层LDHs类材料的合成,但是受限于产量(g级)以及成本设备等问题,目前规模化制备高质量单层LDHs类材料还没有工业案例。成核晶化隔离法是目前唯一规模化合成纳米LDHs的工业化方法,具有成本低,产量可吨级放大等优点。本综述从合成方法、表征手段、应用三个角度讨论了单层及超薄LDHs的精准调控,详细论述了近期关于单层及超薄LDHs合成突破以及LDHs的规模化生产进展,并对其性能进行了总结,为后续设计高性能单层LDHs提供思路。     

基于迈克耳孙干涉光程差放大法的微小位移测量

基于迈克耳孙干涉光路,介绍了一种新的测量微小位移的实验方法.通过在迈克耳孙干涉原光路中添加平行平面镜组,使入射光和反射光在反射镜组中多次反射.当平行平面镜之间的距离发生微小变化后,两反射光束之间光程差将会被放大,通过观测干涉条纹的变化可以计算出微小的位移.设计了实验光路,对该方法进行了实验验证.与传统的迈克耳孙干涉实验相比,该方法的测量精度有很大的提高.     

孔洞和孪晶界对银纳米线形变行为联合影响的分子动力学模拟

Based on molecular dynamics simulations, the plastic deformation of silver nanowires under uniaxial tension has been studied systematically. In this paper, the mechanical properties of [111]-oriented twin nanowires with different hole sizes have been studied. The existence of holes has no effect on the elastic deformation stage. The hole on the twin boundary has two main roles in the plastic deformation stage. During the initial stages of plastic deformation, the main function of the hole is to produce new dislocations as dislocation sources at small hole sizes.Upon increasing the hole size, the main effect changes to stop dislocation slip. During the late stages of plastic deformation, the two functions of the hole complement each other, upon increasing the hole size, the function of the hole as dislocation sources becomes obvious, leading to weakening of the plasticity of the nanowires.     

注意缺陷多动障碍两种亚型脑血流动力学特征研究

探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention Deficit and Hyperactive Disorder,ADHD)混合型(ADHD-C)及多动-冲动为主型(ADHD-HI)儿童在言语流畅性任务(Verbal Fluency Task,VFT)中脑血流动力学反应特征及差异.通过整合视听持续性操作测试将ADHD患儿区分亚型(33名ADHD-C型及36名ADHD-HI型),之后采用功能近红外光谱成像仪技术(functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy,fNIRS)测量两组患儿在VFT中前额和左右颞叶血流动力学反应特征,并计算其积分值与重心值.结果发现,在注意力商数上,ADHD-C组得分均低于ADHD-HI组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组亚型患儿视觉得分低于听觉得分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).在VFT测试中,ADHD-C组的左右颞叶积分值较ADHD-HI组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组亚型患儿左右颞叶的积分值与综合注意商、听觉注意商、视觉注意商均呈显著正相关(P<0.01).由此可见,ADHD-C与AD...     

Structural,Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of La-deficient La0.77-xSrxCa0.2MnO2 Perovskites

La-deficient La0.77-x Ca0.2SrxMnO3 （0 〈 x 〈 0.1） polycrystalline samples are synthesized using the sol-gel technique. The crystal structures of all the samples are single orthorhombic phase with Pbnm space group. Rietveld analysis of x-ray diffraction patterns shows that the Mn-O-Mn bond angle θUn-O-Mn increases whereas the Mn-O bond length dMn--o decreases monotonically with increasing Sr^2＋ content, which results in a rich overlap between Mn 3d and O2p orbitals and leads to a systematic increase of the Curie temperature in this compound. It is found that the magnetic entropy change has a maximum at x = 0.06 in La^3＋-deficient La0.77-xCa0.2SrxMnO3. This may result from competition between the super-exchange interactions （Mn 4＋-O2--Mn4＋） and double-exchange interactions （Mn^3＋-O^2- -Mn^4＋） originating from the appearance of superfluous Mn^4＋ ions by substitution of Sr^2＋ for La^3＋ in this series. Large magnetic entropy changes of 2.32 and 1.83Jkg^-1K^-1 in the x = 0.06 and x = 0.1 samples at their Tcs of 271 K and 303K upon a low magnetic field （10kOe） make these materials promising candidates at near room temperature.     

你知道自己的性格缺陷吗？

一个人的性格决定着其社交方式、学习方式、处事方式等等。我们很多的烦恼表面看都事出有因，其实大部分是自己的性格所致。每个人性格里多少会带点不好的因子，我们必须正视它，然后努力去改变。做做下面的测试，找找你性格中的缺陷吧!     

Effect of the defect on the focusing in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal-based flat lens

We have investigated in detail the influence of defect on the focusing of electromagnetic waves in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal flat lens by using the finite-difference time-domain method. The result shows that many focusings can be observed at the symmetrical positions when a defect is introduced into the lens. Furthermore, the wave-guides in the lens can confine the transmission wave effectively and improve the quality of the focusing.     

高纯锗中浅受主的光热电离光谱

在液氦温度附近, 运用傅里叶变换光谱以及与之相连的磁光光谱系统, 对室温电阻率约为50Ω·cm的p型高纯锗样品进行了高灵敏度的光热电离光谱的研究.从实验上确定了高纯锗样品中浅杂质光热电离的最佳温度范围, 在该温度范围内测量了样品的光热电离光谱, 指出该样品中主要杂质为浅受主硼与铝. 对杂质谱线发生分裂的两种原因, 补偿性杂质导致的快速复合以及随机应力等, 进行了分析讨论.     

磁场下合成Fe3O4粉体的隧道磁阻

通过在半金属Fe₃O₄合成过程中外加磁场的方法，改变样品粒子的表面结晶状态和晶格缺陷，研究了由此引起的Fe₃O₄输运性质的变化.合成的Fe₃O₄粉体的主要导电机理均为自旋极化隧穿和高阶跃迁电导，电阻随温度升高成指数降低，电阻与电压显示了非线形相关性，磁阻与磁场的关系为蝴蝶形，是典型的隧道磁阻特征.与没有外加磁场时合成的样品比较，外加磁场合成的样品显示了更低的电阻和更高的磁阻.