关于类质同晶与同质多晶判断的札记

当个主要依据X光等衍射方法测定晶体结构以判断类质同晶和同质多晶现象。在形式化学式相同或相似的前提下，关键在于正确判断晶体的空间群。本文通过实例枚举类质同晶和同质多晶这一常见现象以及由于空间群指定失误等原因导致有关判断的不同结论。     

Facile Preparation of Homoallyl β′，γ′—Unsaturated Amines via 1,2—Addition of α，β—Unsaturated Imines with Allylsamarium Bromide

A series of homoallyl β′，γ′-unsaturated amines were synthe sized via 1,2-addition of α，β-unsaturated imines with allylsamarium bromide in excellent yields under mild and neutral conditions.     

双钙钛矿氧化物REEuCr2O6的^151Eu Mossbauer谱研究

利用高温固相反应合成了双钙钛矿氧化物ＲＥＥｕＣｒ２Ｏ６（ＲＥ＝Ｌａ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｅｕ，Ｇｄ，Ｔｂ，Ｄｙ，Ｈｏ，Ｅｒ，Ｔｍ）。对样品进行了ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ及＾１５１Ｅｕ的Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱测试，结果表明所有化合物为正交结构；随着ＲＥ原子序数的增加，晶胞体积减小，同质异能移位与样品的晶胞体积呈线性关系；四极裂矩为负值，且随ＲＥ原子序数的增加其绝对值增大。     

一类本原代换与混沌集

考虑两个符号的等长本原代换诱导的子移位. 通过探讨存在Li-Yorke混沌集的等价刻画以及证明Schweizer-Smítal混沌集的不存在性, 彻底地揭示了这类子移位在Li-Yorke意义与Schweizer-Smítal意义下可能出现的混沌性态.     

高能粒子辐照二氧化硅玻璃E''色心形成机理研究

考虑高能粒子辐照二氧化硅玻璃形成E'色心的情况.建立了E'色心形成的动力学模型,得到了E'色心浓度与辐照剂量的关系式.结果表明,在高能粒子辐照情况下,E'色心的形成包括两个过程,即色心的创造过程和色心的激活过程.色心的创造过程主要由二氧化硅网格中疲劳键的断裂形成或网格中氧移位形成,E'色心浓度随剂量的变化呈线性增长.色心的激活过程主要由二氧化硅玻璃中固有点缺陷形成,E'色心浓度随剂量的变化呈饱和趋势.理论结果和实验结果符合很好,说明建立的模型是有效的.     

自支撑金刚石厚膜表面外延掺硼金刚石薄膜研究

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积技术(MPCVD),在抛光厚度0.5 mm的高热导率自支撑金刚石厚膜表面沉积厚度10 μm掺硼金刚石薄膜,通过热导率测试仪、扫描电子显微镜、激光拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱以及四探针仪等测试手段对材料的热导率、形貌及微观质量、表面键合状态及导电性能等进行分析.结果表明,优化工艺后在自支撑金刚石厚膜表面外延形成了质量优异,结合力佳的掺硼金刚石薄膜,其电阻率最低为1.7 ×102 Ω·cm.同时,鉴于界面同质外延特性以及大尺寸晶粒特点,整体材料的热导率可高达1750 W/(m·K),显示这种层状复合材料良好的整体导热性能及表面导电性能.     

流变简单材料力学性能主曲线的构建新方法

提出一种新的构建流变简单材料力学性能主曲线的移位方法,该方法以移位曲线与参考曲线围成的交叠区域的“面积”为判定要素,推导出移位因子的计算公式. 公式形式简单、易于计算;公式所涉及的参量均来自实验数据自身,不用进行插值即可求得移位因子, 且得到的移位因子具有唯一性,避免了手动移位主观判断的不确定性及数值移位方法因拟合带来的误差问题. 由于推导过程是一种数学计算的过程,因此,只要材料满足流变简单性,则该移位公式均能适用. 此外,在构建主曲线时,首次考虑了含有明显峰值的实验曲线的移位情况,使所提出的方法具有更强的适用性. 最后,以构建炭黑填充橡胶的动态力学性能主曲线的实例验证了该方法的有效性.     

准幻核中的近似广义辛弱数守恒（英文）

对称性在了解诸如原子核的转动、自旋和宇称、及同位旋等核结构性质中都起着重要的作用,并且使复杂的原子核结构问题得以简化。辛弱数就是由于原子核的对相互作用中的对称性所导出的众所周知的好量子数。通过对丰中子和缺中子核素及核素的高自旋态的衰变数据分析来揭示辛弱数的近似守恒性质。研究结果表明,在准幻核的高自旋同质异能素链中,无论所涉及的价空间的核子轨道有何不同,广义辛弱数总是近似的好量子数。Symmetry plays an important role in understanding the nuclear structure properties from the rotation of a nucleus to the spin, parity and isospin of nuclear states. This simplifies the complexity of the nuclear problems in one way or the other. Seniority is also a well known quantum number which arises due to the symmetry in the pairing interaction of nuclei. We present empirical as well as theoretical evidences based on decay rates which support the goodness of seniority at higher spins as well as in nrich or, n-deficient nuclei. We find that the generalized seniority governs the identical trends of high-spin isomers in different semi-magic chains, where different set of nucleon orbitals from different valence spaces are involved.     

Signal processing for high speed underwater acoustic transmission of image

A signal processing method for high-speed underwater acoustic transmission of image is presented. It has two parts. Part 1 introduces signal processing for underwater acoustic coherent communication. Part 1 includes 3 technical points. （1） Doppler shift compensation. Chirp signals are inserted between data packages. A correlation process between two copy correlation functions gives more accurate estimation of the mean Doppler shift. Then it could be compensated by resampling the data. In adaptive decision feedback equalizer （DFE） an adaptive phase compensator with fast self-optimized least mean square （FOLMS） adaptation algorithm is utilized resulting in better motion tolerance than compensators with 2nd order Phase-Lock Loop algorithm. The performance of the combination of mean Doppler shift compensation and adaptive phase compensator is quite good. （2） A diversity combiner （DC） used in advance of equalizer. Both combiner and adaptive DFE are based on FOLMS adaptation algorithm. This results in reduced computation complexity and better performance. （3） Cascaded equalizer and Turbo-Trellis Coded Modulation （TCM） decoder and the iteration algorithm. A new bitsymbol converter based on Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm （SOVA） is studied. Comparing with the traditional decision, coding and mapping algorithm, the new converter can reduce Bit Error Rate（BER） by nearly 2 orders. Part 2 is mainly around a robust image compression algorithm. Based on Discrete wavelet transform and fixed length coding, a robust compression algorithm for acoustic image is studied. The algorithm includes 4 technical points. （1） Utilizes CDF9/7 wavelet bases to transform the images. （2） Analyses the energy distribution of subband coefficients. Suitable transformation layer number is 3. （3） Applies different quantization steps to different subbands in accordance with their energy distribution. （4） Uses fixed length coding to prevent error propagation. The results show the algorithm achieves a balance among image quality, compression rate, and most important, robustness to BER. The compressed bit rate of gray scale acoustic image is 0.85 bit/pixel. Image quality remains good when BER is lower than 10^-3. There are some small dirty points when BER rises to 10^-2. Based on the signal processing techniques above mentioned, an underwater acoustic commumcation system is built. Its operational frequency band is （7.5-12.5） kHz. Its receiving array is an 8 elements uniform linear array. QPSK and 8PSK modulation and iteration algorithm for cascaded equalizer and 1-Turbo-TCM decoder based on hard SOVA are used. The system has been tested in Qiandao Lake. Low BER is achieved in 5.5 km range when data rate is 10 kbps. One gray scale image can be transmitted in 7 s. The product of its communication distance and data rate is 55 km kbps.     

小粒径同质/异质壳层结构NaGdF_4:3%Nd~(3+)纳米颗粒的近红外发光特性

采用共沉淀法制备了粒径小于5 nm的六方相NaGdF_4:3%Nd~(3+)纳米颗粒.纳米颗粒表面缺陷会使发光中心产生严重的淬灭,对其表面包覆适当厚度的壳层可以有效地减少发光淬灭,提高发光性能.对NaGdF_4:3%Nd~(3+)核心纳米颗粒分别进行同质和异质包覆并且通过调节核壳比制备了不同壳层厚度的NaGdF_4:3%Nd~(3+)@NaGdF_4和NaGdF_4:3%Nd~(3+)@Na YF4纳米颗粒,研究了不同的壳层厚度对核心纳米颗粒发光的影响,并对两种不同核壳结构纳米颗粒的发光性能进行了对比.在808 nm近红外光激发下,NaGdF_4:3%Nd~(3+)纳米颗粒发射出位于约866,893,1060 nm的近红外发射.与核心纳米颗粒相比,核壳结构的纳米颗粒的荧光强度增强,荧光寿命增长,并且随着壳厚的增加,荧光强度出现先增强后减弱、荧光寿命逐步增长的趋势.与相同条件下同质包覆的NaGdF_4:3%Nd~(3+)@NaGdF_4纳米颗粒相比,异质包覆的NaGdF_4:3%Nd~(3+)@NaYF_4纳米颗粒光谱荧光强度增强,寿命增长.