基于组织进入、退出和合作的技术创新网络演化模型

技术创新网络是企业、大学、研究机构等相关组织基于共同的技术创新目标而建立起来的一种网络组织形式,像其他生命体一样存在着萌芽、成长、成熟和衰退的生命周期.网络的演化与网络成员的行为密切相关,在分析组织进入网络、增加合作和退出网络机制的基础上构建了技术创新网络演化模型,研究不同演化阶段的特征.理论推导和仿真结果表明:技术创新网络整个生命周期中保持着无标度特性;组织进入网络、增加合作和退出网络的速度决定了技术创新网络的生命周期以及其所处生命周期的阶段.     

产业集群创新能力评价模型的比较研究

针对产业集群创新能力评价的一些复杂方法,以文献中的基于BP神经网络的产业集群创新能力评价模型作为比较对象,提出了两种评价模型:组合评价模型和主成分指数模型.前者将变异系数法和Topsis法组合使用,用以评价产业集群创业能力;后者则是对所有参评样本的评价指标进行主成分分析,以主成分的方差贡献率为权重,构建主成分综合指数,从而形成产业集群创新能力的综合评价指数模型.对这两个模型用来自比较对象模型的同一数据进行了验证,三个模型都得出了非常相近的结果,而这两种模型更具可操作性且易于解释,这两者相比,主成分分析的方法则更为简单易行.     

战略性新兴产业创新效率实证研究——基于DEA方法的分析

采用DEA方法,以辽宁省数据为切入点,以新产品销售收入度量短期创新产出,专利申请数度量长期创新产出,首先测算辽宁省2000-2011年战略新兴产业五个细分行业短期与长期创新效率;然后采用一元线性回归分析,研究模仿创新和自主创新方式对创新效率的影响.结果显示五个行业长期和短期的创新效率均呈现逐步上升趋势,发展态势良好,且仍有上升空间;模仿创新和自主创新方式对创新效率均有不同程度的显著影响,坚持模仿创新和自主创新相结合的方式,能有效提高产业创新效率.     

The population‐level impact of HBV and its vaccination on HIV transmission dynamics

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its vaccination strategy may affect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission dynamics because both viruses have synergistic effects. To quantitatively assess the potential impact of HBV and its vaccination strategy on HIV transmission dynamics at the population level, in this paper, we formulate a deterministic compartmental model that describes the joint dynamics of HBV and HIV. We first derive the explicit expressions for the basic reproduction numbers of HIV and HBV and analyze the dynamics of HIV and HBV subsystems, respectively. Then a systematic qualitative analysis of the full system is also provided, which includes the local and global behavior. By using a set of reasonable parameter values, the full system is numerically investigated to assess the potential impact of HBV and its vaccination strategy on HIV transmission. The direct and indirect population level impact of HBV on HIV is demonstrated by calculating the fraction of HIV infections attributable to HBV and the difference between HIV prevalence in the presence and absence of HBV, respectively. The findings imply that the increase of HBV vaccination rate may unusually accelerate HIV epidemics indirectly, although the direct effect of HBV on HIV transmission decreases as HBV vaccination rate increases. Finally, the potential impact of HIV on HBV transmission dynamics is investigated by way of parenthesis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

教学与科学研究交融的物理实验创新设计

以应用复合型人才为培养目标,以教学与科学研究交融的育人观为指导,通过科研内容提取移植、由企业生产和日常生活实际提升、由已有教学研究成果固化等多种渠道,在较高层次物理实验课程与实践教学中创新设计出一批物理与社会应用、物理与海洋、物理与生物、物理与环境等多学科交叉的具有海洋特色的实验项目,使实验教学内容与科研、工程、社会应用实践密切联系。通过这样的实验项目开设,培养学生学习兴趣,提高学生学习能力、实践应用能力、研究创新能力。     

面向21世纪大学物理实验教学的改革与研究

本详细阐述了目前物理实验教学中的不足,并提出面向21世纪大学物理实验教学改革的方法。     

单帧两次记录技术在图像测速中的应用

利用电视图像技术的隔行扫描原理,把摄像机的一幅图像拆分为前后两场,经过最小误差示踪粒子匹配方法的图像处理,获得了较好的瞬时流矢图,CCD图像及计算机技术在大学物理实验教学中的应用是教学内容和教学方法改革的一个初步尝试。     

基于AHP-Fuzzy方法的企业技术创新能力评估模型的建立及其应用

面向 2 1世纪知识经济的挑战 ,对企业技术创新能力进行科学的评估对我国经济的长远发展具有重要的战略意义 .本文在对企业技术创新能力进行知识描述的基础上 ,首先建立了企业技术创新能力综合评估的指标体系 ,继而提出了基于 AHP-Fuzzy方法上的企业技术创新能力评估模型 ,这为企业科学地进行技术创新能力评估提供了一定的理论指导 .文末 ,通过实证分析说明了该模型在实际中的应用 .     

Discovery of Novel Cyclic Ethers with Synergistic Antiplasmodial Activity in Combination with Valinomycin

With drug resistance threatening our first line antimalarial treatments, novel chemotherapeutics need to be developed. Ionophores have garnered interest as novel antimalarials due to their theorized ability to target unique systems found in the Plasmodium-infected erythrocyte. In this study, during the bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract of Streptomyces strain PR3, a group of cyclodepsipeptides, including valinomycin, and a novel class of cyclic ethers were identified and elucidated. Further study revealed that the ethers were cyclic polypropylene glycol (cPPG) oligomers that had leached into the bacterial culture from an extraction resin. Molecular dynamics analysis suggests that these ethers are able to bind cations such as K⁺, NH₄⁺ and Na⁺. Combination studies using the fixed ratio isobologram method revealed that the cPPGs synergistically improved the antiplasmodial activity of valinomycin and reduced its cytotoxicity in vitro. The IC₅₀ of valinomycin against P. falciparum NF54 improved by 4–5-fold when valinomycin was combined with the cPPGs. Precisely, it was improved from 3.75 ± 0.77 ng/mL to 0.90 ± 0.2 ng/mL and 0.75 ± 0.08 ng/mL when dosed in the fixed ratios of 3:2 and 2:3 of valinomycin to cPPGs, respectively. Each fixed ratio combination displayed cytotoxicity (IC₅₀) against the Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line of 57–65 µg/mL, which was lower than that of valinomycin (12.4 µg/mL). These results indicate that combinations with these novel ethers may be useful in repurposing valinomycin into a suitable and effective antimalarial.     

Alternative Entropy Measures and Generalized Khinchin–Shannon Inequalities

The Khinchin–Shannon generalized inequalities for entropy measures in Information Theory, are a paradigm which can be used to test the Synergy of the distributions of probabilities of occurrence in physical systems. The rich algebraic structure associated with the introduction of escort probabilities seems to be essential for deriving these inequalities for the two-parameter Sharma–Mittal set of entropy measures. We also emphasize the derivation of these inequalities for the special cases of one-parameter Havrda–Charvat’s, Rényi’s and Landsberg–Vedral’s entropy measures.