The statistical sinogram smoothing via adaptive-weighted total variation regularization for low-dose X-ray CT

Though clinically desired, low-dose X-ray computed tomography (CT) images tend to be degraded by the noise-contaminated sinogram data. Preprocessing the noisy sinogram before filtered back-projection (FBP) is an effective way to solve this problem. This paper presents a statistical sinogram smoothing approach for low-dose CT reconstruction. The approach is obtained by minimizing an energy function consisting of an adaptive-weighted total variation (AWTV) regularization term and a data fidelity term based on the Markov random fields (MRF) framework. The AWTV regularization term can make our algorithm automatically adjust the smoothing degree according to the feature and the level of noise of the smoothed pixel. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach has the excellent performance in visual effects and quantitative analysis.     

用于向列相液晶取向测量的侧边抛磨光纤传感特性研究

向列相液晶(NLC)的取向变化对外界环境敏感,已被作为生物传感的敏感中介材料。研究了侧边抛磨光纤(SPF)用于NLC取向变化测量的传感特性,探索利用SPF测量液晶取向变化的可行性与适用范围。将液晶折射率的理论公式与SPF传输光功率实验数据结合,得到了经验理论关系。实验中设计用机械旋转法改变SPF抛磨面附近NLC的取向。实验结果表明,NLC的取向变化导致SPF传输光功率的变化。以液晶指向矢方位角为表征的NLC的取向变化从0°增大至90°,SPF传输光功率随之增大28.10dB;在0°~30°范围内,SPF传输光功率与NLC的取向变化具有线性关系,光纤传输光功率对取向角度变化的响应平均约为0.359dB/(°)。研究表明SPF可以用于NLC的取向变化的测量并且获得了适用范围,这为基于液晶取向变化的SPF生物传感器的研究提供了参考。     

Variational infrared image enhancement based on adaptive dual-threshold gradient field equalization

Infrared images are characterized by low signal to noise ratio (SNR) and fuzzy texture edges. This article introduces the variational infrared image enhancement algorithm based on gradient field equalization with adaptive dual thresholds. Firstly, we transform the image into gradient domain and get the gradient histogram. Then, we do the gradient histogram equalization. By setting adaptive dual thresholds to qualify the gradients, the image is prevented from over enhancement. The total variation (TV) model is adopted in the reconstruction of the enhanced image to suppress noise. It is shown from experimental results that the image edge details are significantly enhanced, and therefore the algorithm is qualified for enhancement of infrared images in different applications.     

多孔PMP聚合物薄膜微结构控制

将二氧化硅(SiO2)微球为模板材料分散在聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯(PMP)溶液中,通过对流自组装方法将其涂覆于基片上,经过热致相分离(TIPS)过程形成含SiO2微球模板的PMP薄膜,然后通过氢氟酸(HF)溶液腐蚀除去SiO2微球,获得了具有规则多孔结构的PMP聚合物薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对含SiO2微球的PMP薄膜以及除去SiO2微球后的PMP多孔薄膜的微结构进行了表征。研究结果表明:SiO2微球在聚合物中呈有序排列,腐蚀除去SiO2微球后PMP薄膜有效复制了SiO2微球形成的有序结构,形成了有序多孔PMP薄膜。     

微聚焦X射线成像的相位效应分析

根据Fresnel-Kirchhoff衍射理论,结合临床实际,考虑振幅近似和相位缓变条件,由傅里叶变换和卷积定理,导出了微聚焦X射线相衬成像（X-ray Phase-contrast Imaging,X-PCI）在像平面上焦斑尺寸范围内的能量密度分布函数.结果显示,像密度函数是吸收效应滤波函数FA(x)和相位效应滤波函数FP(x)分别与吸收项A2(x)和相位项A2(x)φ(x)作卷积运算后的和.利用mathematica软件分析讨论了该函数的分布规律,并给出了理论解释.结果表明,吸收效应对像密度的影响在焦斑范围内保持不变|相位效应对像密度的影响在焦斑范围内逐渐加强|在焦斑一定范围内,相位效应的影响远大于吸收效应.     

Central limit theorems for power variation of Gaussian integral processes with jumps

This paper presents limit theorems for realized power variation of processes of the form Xt=t0φsdGs+ξt as the sampling frequency within a fixed interval increases to infinity.Here G is a Gaussian process with stationary increments,ξis a purely non-Gaussian L′evy process independent from G,andφis a stochastic process ensuring that the integral is well defined as a pathwise Riemann-Stieltjes integral.We obtain the central limit theorems for the case that both the continuous term and the jump term are presented simultaneously in the law of large numbers.     

无界区域上Cauchy型奇异积分算子的性质

On the basis of introducing the modified Cauchy kernel, we discuss the Hoelder continuity of the Cauchy-type singular integral operator on unbounded domains for regular functions by dividing into the following three cases： two points are on the boundary of region; one point is on the boundary and another point is in the interior（or exterior） of the region; two points are in the interior （or exterior） of the region.     

ABC库存分类的多指标体系及其信息熵方法

库存合理分类对企业的库存管理非常重要.在现有ABC库存分类指标体系的基础之上,指出需求波动对库存分类的重要性,设计了考虑需求波动系数的.ABC库存分类多指标体系;进一步,分析了指标的差异性对库存分类的影响,提出了基于信息熵的多指标ABC库存分类方法.与已有文献对比分析表明,所设计的多指标分类体系综合考虑了库存物资的不同属性;对某家电企业的案例分析可以看出,所提出的.ABC库存分类的多指标体系及其信息熵方法有助于企业制定合理的库存决策,可有效提高企业的管理绩效.     

泊松化图像复原的交替最小化算法

为了快速地去除图像中的泊松噪声,本文在传统的交替方向算法基础上,结合松弛算法提出了一个改进的快速交替最小化算法.与经典的数值算法相比,数值试验表明提出的新算法不但能有效地实现泊松化图像复原,还能大幅度地提高数值计算的速率,并显著地减少电脑的CPU运行时间.