微通道内气体流动的格子Boltzmann方法研究

采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了微通道在滑移区内不同Knudsen数下的微气体Poiseuille流,分析了微气体流动的速度分布以及流量与压降的关系,并给出了相对滑移长度和Poiseuille数随Knudsen数的变化特性。研究结果表明,微气体Poiseuille流的速度轮廓呈抛物线分布,但是边界速度大于0,出现速...     

Numerical study of heat transfer enhancement of counter nanofluids flow in rectangular microchannel heat exchanger

This paper reports a numerical analysis of the performance of a counter-flow rectangular shaped microchannel heat exchanger (MCHE) using nanofluids as the working fluids. Finite volume method was used to solve the three-dimensional steady, laminar developing flow and conjugate heat transfer in aluminum MCHE. The nanofluids used were Ag, Al₂O₃, CuO, SiO₂, and TiO₂ and the performance was compared with water. The thermal, flow fields and performance of the MCHE were analyzed using different nanofluids, different Reynolds numbers and different nanoparticle concentrations. Temperature profile, heat transfer coefficient, pressure profile, and wall shear stress were obtained from the simulations and the performance was discussed in terms of heat transfer rate, pumping power, effectiveness, and performance index. Results indicated enhanced performance with the usage of nanofluids, and slight penalty in pressure drop. The increase in Reynolds number caused an increase in the heat transfer rate and a decrease in the overall bulk temperature of the cold fluid. The increase in nanoparticle concentration also yielded better performance at the expense of increased pressure drop.     

降低微通道板输入面电极反射率的技术途径

 为了降低透明或半透明光电阴极的光子在微通道板输入面上引起的散射噪声,通过对微通道板输入面蒸镀Ni-Cr电极后对反射率影响的定性分析以及镀膜方式、镀层厚度、电极深入通道内的深度和微通道板的开口面积比等测试分析,在兼顾微通道板对输入电极其他要求的前提下,获得了降低反射率的有效技术途径,即：采用电子束加热的蒸镀方式,用表面电阻大小来间接表征膜层厚度,使其控制在100 Ω左右;电极深入通道内的深度为通道直径的35%;微通道板的开口面积比尽可能大些,可把反射率降低到4%以下,以此降低微光像增强器的光子散射噪声。     

Technique for quantitative mapping of three-dimensional liquid–gas phase boundaries in microchannel flows

A diagnostic technique capable of characterizing interfaces between transparent, immiscible fluids is developed and demonstrated by investigating the morphology of liquid–gas interfaces in an adiabatic two-phase flow through a microchannel of 500 μm × 500 μm square cross section. Water seeded with 0.5 μm-diameter fluorescent polystyrene particles is pumped through the channel, and the desired adiabatic two-phase flow regime is achieved through controlled air injection. The diagnostic technique relies on obtaining particle position data through epifluorescent imaging of the flow at excitation and emission wavelengths of 532 nm and 620 nm, respectively. The particle position data are then used to resolve interface locations to within ±1 μm in the focal plane. By mapping the interface within individual focal planes at various depths within the channel, it is possible to determine the complete liquid–gas interface geometry across the channel cross section in a dynamic flow environment. Utilizing this approach, the liquid–gas phase boundaries of annular flows within a microchannel have been successfully characterized.     

基于CPV 电池散热的射流冲击分形微通道换热器的结构优化

针对聚光光伏(CPV) 电池高热流密度散热问题, 本文提出了射流冲击与分形微通道散热相结合的解决方案, 对其流动和换热进行了模拟. 首先对分形微通道的分形级数进行分析, 四级相比三级分形微通道换热系数只增加了4.62% , 压降却升高了54.37% ; 接着对管道截面形状进行优化, 对圆形截面, 方形渐缩截面和扁管截面内流体的流动进行了模拟, 结果表明在换热量相近的情况下, 扁管拥有最低的压降; 随后对比分叉处倒圆角、 倒角和 Y形三种布置形状, 结果表明 Y 形布置有效地减少了内部流体的涡旋区, 能够在牺牲较少的换热面积的条件下, 将压降降低85 .51 % . 最后在相同水力直径条件下研究单个喷嘴、 均匀喷嘴阵列、 非均匀喷嘴阵列射流冲击分形微通道的换热性能, 模拟结果表明, 非均匀喷嘴阵列分形微通道拥有最佳的换热性能, 且压降降低了25 .99 % .     

微通道换热器大温差条件下流动换热研究

随着高效预冷器在航天航空领域发挥越来越重要的作用,紧凑高效换热器的研究成为了人们关注的热点。本文基于紧凑微通道换热器的几何特征,针对矩形截面平行流道换热器内超临界压力低温流体(氢和氦)在大温差条件下的流动换热现象进行数值模拟研究。通道截面边长小于1 mm,热流体氦和冷流体氢的进出口温差均大于600 K。通道内流体换热系数在顺流和逆流条件下有不同的变化趋势,并出现峰值。换热量随着通道宽度的增大而增大,流动压降随着通道宽度的增大而减小。冷热流体逆流时换热量大,压降较小,但对换热器材料要求较高。     

V形微槽内沸腾液体的流动阻力特性

本文报道纯工质在V形微槽内流动沸腾的流动阻力特性，给出了实验结果，并与有关报道的结果进行了比较，分析了流速和微槽结构参数对流动阻力特性的影响。     

微通道板的噪声因子与首次碰撞时二次电子发射系数的关系

本文着重讨论微通道板的噪声因子与首次碰撞时二次电子发射系数的关系，研究表明，在微通道板输入端通道内蒸镀适当深度的高二次发射系数的氧化镁材料，能显著地降低噪声因子。     

新型变密度卤化物/MCP反射式X射线敏感薄膜的研究

在MCP输入端通道内壁制作了反射式X射线敏感膜层，提高了MCP对能量35-50keV X射线的探测能力。实验结果表明：变密度结构的CsI/MCP中膜层结构较密实时，其输出响应可提高5-6倍，较无膜MCP提高1-2个数量级，和CsBr、KBr相比较，以CsI的响应特性为最佳；膜层材料、结构、工艺和X射线能量等是影响探测能力的主要因素。最后指出了这种反射式CsI/MCP薄膜的应用前景。