Use of Radioactive Tracers for Studies on Fluidized Cracking Catalytic Plants

In this paper are described the experiments carried out with radioactive tracers on Fluidized Cracking Catalytic (F.C.C.) plants. The tracers used are ⁴¹Ar and ⁷⁹Kr for gas and ¹⁴⁰La for the catalyst. Results obtained on different parts of the F.C.C. plant are given.     

中国海洋产业结构时空分异研究

利用偏离-份额分析法,从海洋三次产业和海洋产业部门两个层次对中国沿海地区海洋产业结构时间和空间分异特征进行定量研究.结果表明:中国沿海地区海洋产业结构存在明显的时空分异特征;上海、天津、山东、浙江、广东5省市偏离总量、份额分量、结构分量和竞争力分量都较其他省市优势明显,对全国海洋经济发展的贡献较大;优势海洋产业部门主要分布在山东、广东、浙江、上海4省市.     

An efficient,green, and easy‐to‐scale‐up strategy for target‐oriented isolating cadinene sesquiterpenoids from Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng

A green and efficient strategy was established and optimized for target‐oriented extraction, enrichment and separation of cadinene sesquiterpenoids from Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng., using the combination of supercritical fluid extraction, molecular distillation, and industrial preparative chromatography for the first time. The extraction conditions of supercritical fluid extraction were initially optimized by orthogonal experimental design. Under the optimum conditions, the contents of 9‐oxo‐10,11‐dehydroageraphorone and 10Hβ‐9‐oxo‐ageraphorone, which were 55.00% and 6.01%, respectively, were much higher than conventional extraction methods. Then, the molecular distillation enrichment method was established and investigated by response surface methodology technology, which showed strong specificity for enriching target compounds and removing impurities from crude extracts. Under the optimum conditions of molecular distillation, total contents of cadinene sesquiterpenoids were increased to 89.19%. Finally, a total of 146 mg of 9‐oxo‐10,11‐dehydroageraphorone and 29 mg of 10Hβ‐9‐oxo‐ageraphorone were easily obtained by industrial preparative chromatography, from 200 mg of distillation fraction, with purities over 99%. The contents of target components were analyzed by HPLC, and structures of them were identified by high‐resolution MS, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopy. These results indicate that it is a simple, effective, and eco‐friendly strategy, which is easily converted into industrial scale.     

Condition Monitoring of an Industrial Oil Pump Using a Learning Based Technique

This paper proposes an efficient learning based approach to detect the faults of an industrial oil pump. The proposed method uses the wavelet transform and genetic algorithm (GA) ensemble for an optimal feature extraction procedure. Optimal features, which are dominated through this method, can remarkably represent the mechanical faults in the damaged machine. For the aim of condition monitoring, we considered five common types of malfunctions such as casing distortion, cavitation, looseness, misalignment, and unbalanced mass that occur during the machine operation. The proposed technique can determine optimal wavelet parameters and suitable statistical functions to exploit excellent features via an appropriate distance criterion function. Moreover, our optimization algorithm chooses the most appropriate feature submatrix to improve the final accuracy in an iterative method. As a case study, the proposed algorithms are applied to experimental data gathered from an industrial heavy-duty oil pump installed in Arak Oil Refinery Company. The experimental results are very promising.     

工业炸药爆轰压力的简易测定

介绍水箱电探针技术测定工业炸药爆轰压力的方法,实验分析了影响爆轰压力测量结果的因素。     

Possibilities and Limitations of Computer Simulations of Industrial Turbulent Dispersed Multiphase Flows

We give an overview on the usage of computer simulations in industrial turbulent dispersed multiphase flows. We present a few examples of industrial flows: bubble columns and bubbly pipe flows, stirred tanks, cyclones, and a fluid catalytic cracking unit. The fluid catalytic cracking unit is used to illustrate the complexity of the physical phenomena involved, and the possibilities and limitations of the different approaches used: Eulerian–Lagrangian (particle-tracking) and Eulerian–Eulerian (two-fluid). In the first approach, the continuous phase is solved using either RANS simulations (Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes simulations) or DNS/LES (Direct Numerical Simulations/Large-Eddy Simulations), and the individual particles are tracked. In the second approach, the dispersed phase is averaged, leading to two sets equations, which are quite similar to the RANS equations of single-phase flows. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach is the most commonly used in industrial applications, however, it requires a significant amount of modelling. Eulerian–Lagrangian RANS can be simpler to use; in particular in situations involving complex boundary conditions, polydisperse flows and agglomeration/breakup. The key issue for the success of the simulations is to have good models for the complex physics involved. A major weakness is the lack of good models for: the turbulence modification promoted by the particles, the inter-particle interactions, and the near-wall effects. Eulerian–Lagrangian DNS/LES can play an important role as a research tool, in order to get a better physical understanding, and to improve the models used in the RANS simulations (either Eulerian–Eulerian or Eulerian–Lagrangian).     

低能X射线工业CT图像杯状伪影校正

为了去除X射线工业CT图像中的杯状伪影,提高CT图像的识别能力和量化分析精度,提出一种基于分度投影和权函数的射束硬化校正方法。首先分析得出杯状伪影主要是由X射线连续谱穿过被测物体过程中出现的射束硬化所导致。然后扫描阶梯模型,采集不同厚度下的投影数据并求出线衰减系数,通过拟合曲线,得到硬化模型函数和权函数校正模型函数,并确定权函数。接着,扫描被测圆柱形工件,采集不同分度下的投影数据。最后,针对每一个分度投影数据,采用权函数与当前分度投影数据乘积的方法进行硬化校正。对含有杯状伪影的实际CT图像进行了校正实验,结果表明,与多项式拟合法相比,该方法校正后的灰度图像没有放大噪声,且信噪比提高3.29%,有效地消除了杯状伪影,同时较好地保留了图像边界细节。     

信息产业发展对区域产业结构高度化的作用机制

构建了信息产业发展与区域产业结构高度化的指标体系,利用基于OWA算子的灰色关联模型融合方法测算了电子信息产业发展与区域产业结构高度化的关联程度.结果表明,电子信息产业的发展是区域产业结构高度化的重要支撑力.东部地区的信息产业发展与区域产业结构高度化指标体系中的环保资金投入增加量和第三产业增加值的关联度较高.中部、西部地区的信息产业发展与新兴产业产值的关联程度较大.从全国范围来看,信息产业的科技创新转化能力对产业结构高度化的推动作用仍较低.     

低碳约束下湖南省产业结构优化研究

在湖南省"十二五"规划工业产业节能减排的背景下,如何在碳减排目标的基础上,实现产业结构优化,成为湖南省面临的重大挑战.本文构建低碳约束下湖南省主导产业选择指标体系,计算并选取湖南省无低碳约束和有低碳约束下的主导产业.进一步,本文设计无低碳约束、弱低碳约束和强低碳约束三种情景模拟,分析不同的低碳约束条件对湖南省主导产业选择的影响.本文结论如下:1)无低碳约束条件下,湖南省主导产业包括有色金属冶炼及压延加工业等碳生产力较低的行业,低碳约束条件下,湖南省主导产业包括食品制造业等碳生产力较高的行业.这表明,考虑低碳约束条件,湖南省主导产业由碳生产力较低的行业向碳生产力较高的行业转变.2)情景模拟结果表明,一些传统支柱型产业仍是湖南省产业结构优化中需重点发展的产业,且随着低碳政策的深化和节能减排目标的扩大,战略性产业如医药制造业成为主导产业,在产业结构优化中发挥中坚作用.     

剔除环境因素影响的中国工业企业技术创新效率评价研究

基于现有研究在测算工业企业技术创新效率时未考虑外部环境因素影响的缺陷,本文基于TOPSIS方法构建能有效剔除环境因素影响的改进DEA模型,在此基础上对中国2010年工业企业技术创新效率进行实证评价与分析,结果表明,中国工业企业技术创新效率确实受到经济发展水平、外资活动、政府支持、市场结构、所有制结构等环境因素的影响,根据创新效率与R＆D投入水平将我国各地区划分为高效率高投入、高效率低投入、低效率高投入和低效率低投入四种模式,各模式地区的工业企业应结合自身特点有针对性地采取不同的策略提升技术创新效率。