全文获取类型
收费全文 | 804篇 |
免费 | 206篇 |
国内免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 66篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 96篇 |
综合类 | 41篇 |
数学 | 450篇 |
物理学 | 380篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 19篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 22篇 |
2017年 | 47篇 |
2016年 | 43篇 |
2015年 | 38篇 |
2014年 | 56篇 |
2013年 | 62篇 |
2012年 | 34篇 |
2011年 | 31篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 37篇 |
2008年 | 57篇 |
2007年 | 55篇 |
2006年 | 42篇 |
2005年 | 38篇 |
2004年 | 35篇 |
2003年 | 42篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 32篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1037条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
41.
42.
N. U. Ahmed 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1986,50(2):213-237
Using Cesari's approach, we prove the existence of optimal controls for a class of systems governed by differential inclusions on a Banach space having the Radon-Nikodym property. Theorem 3.1 gives the existence result for optimal relaxed controls under fairly general assumptions on the system and the admissible controls. This result depends on a fundamental result (Theorem 2.1) that proves the existence of mild solutions of differential inclusions on a Banach space, which has also independent interest. Further, the preparatory results, such as Lemma 3.1 and Lemma 3.2, are also useful in the study of time-optimal and terminal control problems.For illustration of the results, we present two examples, one on distributed controls for a class of systems governed by nonlinear parabolic equations and the other on boundary controls with discontinuous boundary operator.This work is supported in part by the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada under Grant No. 7109. 相似文献
43.
主要运用Banach压缩映像原理,研究了分布时滞中立型微分方程ddty(t)+∫abP(t,θ)y(t-θ)dθ+∫cdQ(t,θ)y(t-θ)dθ=0正解的存在性问题,获得了正解存在的充分条件,推广了相关文献的结果. 相似文献
44.
孙宇锋 《数学的实践与认识》2008,38(16)
证明了具有分布时滞的偶阶中立型泛函微分不等式不存在最终正解的新的充分条件,所得结果推广和改进了相关文献中的条件. 相似文献
45.
《Journal of computational chemistry》2017,38(28):2420-2429
An extension of the extant microelectrostatic methodologies, based on the concept of distributed generalized polarizability matrix derived from the Coupled Perturbed Hartree–Fock (CPHF) equations, is proposed for self‐consistent calculation of charge carrier and charge‐transfer (CT) state electrostatic energies in molecular solids, including the doped, defected and disordered ones. The CPHF equations are solved only once and the generalized molecular polarizability they yield enables low cost iterations that mutually adjust the molecular electronic distributions and the local electric field in which the molecules are immersed. The approach offers a precise picture of molecular charge densities, accounting for atomic partial multipoles up to order 2, which allows one to reproduce the recently reported large charge‐quadrupole contributions to CT state energies in low‐symmetry local environments. It is particularly well suited for repetitive calculations for large clusters (up to 300,000 atoms), and may potentially be useful for describing electrostatic solvent effects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
46.
消减舰船变形的影响和为全舰提供高精度姿态基准 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
引用国内外一些文献列举的现代舰船船体变形的数据,论证了消减船体变形的影响和为全舰提供精确的姿态基准的重要意义。对舰载航向姿态基准的功能、性能与特点进行了综述。介绍了基于激光陀螺和光纤Bragg光栅传感器测量船体变形的新方法。最后,探讨了分布式姿态基准系统的技术方案。 相似文献
47.
In this paper, a new type of circular photonic crystal (CPC) with a geometrical distribution of concentric layers is presented. A broad and isotropic photonic band gap is achieved using this geometrically distributed CPC (GCPC). Also, the influence of the number of concentric layers to the overall band gap of GCPC is studied. It is demonstrated that the band gap broadens with a red shift when the number of concentric layers is increased. The reason for the red shift of the band gap is further investigated. 相似文献
48.
49.
In this paper we consider the Cumulative Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CCVRP), which is a variation of the well-known Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). In this problem, the traditional objective of minimizing total distance or time traveled by the vehicles is replaced by minimizing the sum of arrival times at the customers. We propose a branch-and-cut-and-price algorithm for obtaining optimal solutions to the problem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published exact algorithm for the CCVRP. We present computational results based on a set of standard CVRP benchmarks and investigate the effect of modifying the number of vehicles available. 相似文献
50.
A new multiobjective allocator of capacitor banks and distributed generations using a new investigated differential evolution 下载免费PDF全文
Mohammad Eskandari Nasab Iman Maleksaeedi Mohsen Mohammadi Noradin Ghadimi 《Complexity》2014,19(5):40-54
This article has investigated a new multiobjective allocation of optimal sizing and sitting of distributed generation (DG) units and capacitor banks in simultaneous mode to improve reliability and reduce energy losses. The proposed method consists of four objectives, that is, cost of energy not supplied, system average interruption duration index, costs of energy loss and investment. A novel structure differential evolution has been suggested to solve this nonlinear complex problem and its results are compared with related values of genetic algorithm and simple differential evolutionary algorithm. In addition to the novel objective function, the other contribution of this article is proposing a new model for load and energy cost. Three types of DGs, that is, wind turbine, solar cell, and diesel generator have been used in placement process. To verify the comprehensiveness of the proposed function, three scenarios have been introduced: scenario i: first, placement of DGs, then capacitor banks, scenario ii: first, placement of capacitor banks, and then DGs, and scenario iii: simultaneous placement of DGs and capacitor banks. Simulations have been carried out on one part of practical distribution network in Metropolitan Tabriz in North West of Iran. The results of simulations have been discussed and analyzed using the five novel indices. The obtained simulation results using proposed function shows that the simultaneous placement of DGs and capacitor banks results in more reduction of the energy losses and increase improvements of reliability indices as well as voltage profile. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 19: 40–54, 2014 相似文献