Design of a combined ozone/electron beam process for waste water and economic feasibility of the process

A design of a combined ozone/electron beam irradiation process for treating a 50 m³/h waste water stream from a molasses processing is discussed. Moreover, a cost evaluation of such a process in comparison to a conventional ozonation/biology treatment process has been performed to assess the potential of the irradiation process for technical use. Although the result of this comparison is not bad for the irradiation process an implementation into a full scale plant would not seem to be the thing to do in the present case.     

基于灰色数学的洗胃液量的软测量

鉴于洗胃液量实时在线检测与求解的困难,提出利用灰色数学的累加生成方法,把液量作为主导变量,管路二处压力差的累积压力作为二次变量,根据二者之间的一一映射关系,仿真实验研究洗胃液量的软测量技术,给出了实验结果,为液量的工程检测提供了一种数学方法.     

Generalized nets in neurology: an example of mathematical modelling

The purpose of this paper is to explain the basic theory of generalized nets (GNs) and their applications in the context of the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases. We define formally the concepts of a GN and transitions of a GN and also outline some remarks on their theory. The work here constructs an example which aims to trace the process of diagnosing different signs and symptoms in neurology. This will enable the interested reader to see the scope of nets in general as tools for the modelling, simulation, optimization and control of real processes.     

Pedagogical challenges in making mathematics relevant for Indigenous Australians

After the invasion and occupation of their land by Europeans, Indigenous Australians were expected to benefit from a Western education system based on that of the dominant Europeans. Gradually educators realized that Aboriginal children learn differently and that Indigenous culture and pedagogy has validity and strength. Of course, educators also need to be acutely aware of the diversity of Indigenous cultures in Australia and that there is not a monolithic sense of Aboriginal identity or Aboriginal pedagogy. Dispossession and alienation, poor health and few employment opportunities must also affect educational interest, attendance, application and performance. In this paper the characteristics of Indigenous learners are examined and pedagogical strategies to assist in both students' learning and teachers' delivery are explored. The message conveyed in this paper has particular relevance for teaching mathematics to Aboriginal learners. It is also of considerable value in teaching mathematics to nonAboriginal students, in Australia and elsewhere.     

杰出人物论微积分

摘编14位杰出人物对微积分的精辟论述。     

Synthesis and properties of sulfur‐contained poly(silylene arylacetylene)s

Poly(silylene arylacetylene) (PSA) is a kind of poly(arylacetylene) silicon‐containing resins with excellent heat resistance and good mechanical performances. In this article, the sulfur atom is introduced into the main chain of the PSA molecule to obtain a sulfur‐containing poly(silylene arylacetylene), named S‐PSA. By Williamson and Sonogashira reactions, bis(4‐ethynylphenyl)sulfide and bis(4‐ethynylphenyl)sulfone were synthesized. Thereafter, through Grignard reagent way, the poly(silylene ethynylene phenylene sulfide phenylene ethynylene) (PSESE) and poly(silylene ethynylene phenylene sulfone phenylene ethynylene) (PSESO₂E) were synthesized from bis(4‐ethynylphenyl)sulfide, bis(4‐ethynylphenyl)sulfone, and methylphenyl dichlorosilane. Poly(silylene ethynylene phenylene sulfoxide phenylene ethynylene) (PSESOE) was synthesized by the oxidation of PSESE. The structures and properties of these resins were characterized and the mechanical properties of the T300 reinforced composites were tested. The results show that the novel S‐PSA resins have excellent heat resistance and good mechanical properties, and could be used as resin matrices for high‐performance composites in high‐tech fields. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2324–2332     

借助几何图形理解高等数学中的抽象概念和结论

高等数学的很多内容比较抽象,学生不易理解.通过几个例子说明如何将抽象的数学概念和结论与几何图形有机的结合起来,加深对这些概念结论的理解,激发学生的学习兴趣.     

Evolving a three-world framework for solving algebraic equations in the light of what a student has met before

In this paper we consider data from a study in which students shift from linear to quadratic equations in ways that do not conform to established theoretical frameworks. In solving linear equations, the students did not exhibit the ‘didactic cut’ of Filloy and Rojano (1989) or the subtleties arising from conceiving an equation as a balance (Vlassis, 2002). Instead they used ‘procedural embodiments’, shifting terms around with added ‘rules’ to obtain the correct answer (Lima & Tall, 2008). Faced with quadratic equations, the students learn to apply the formula with little success. The interpretation of this data requires earlier theories to be seen within a more comprehensive framework that places them in an evolving context. We use the developing framework of three worlds of mathematics (Tall, 2004, Tall, 2013), based fundamentally on human perceptions and actions and their consequences, at each stage taking into account the experiences that students have ‘met-before’ (Lima and Tall, 2008, McGowen and Tall, 2010). These experiences may be supportive in new contexts, encouraging pleasurable generalization, or problematic, causing confusion and even mathematical anxiety. We consider how this framework explains and predicts the observed data, how it evolves from earlier theories, and how it gives insights that have both theoretical and practical consequences.     

Recent advances in electrochemical water technologies for the treatment of antibiotics: A short review

This short review presents a critical overview of the most recent works published in the literature related to the use of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) for the treatment of antibiotics present in synthetic and real wastewaters. The first section focuses on novelties within the traditional EAOPs, including electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical Fenton-based processes. The second section is devoted to new electrochemical technologies, including heterogeneous electro-Fenton, electrochemically activated persulfate processes, and combined processes. Future perspectives about these processes are also presented to aid the continuous evolution of research in the area.     

Expanding conceptions of utility: middle school students’ perspectives on the usefulness of mathematics

This research explores how adolescents conceptualize the usefulness of mathematics. Integrating sociocultural theory with the study of utility value, this study uses open-ended survey items and interview tasks to examine conceptions of usefulness among a group of predominantly Latinx middle school students. Findings reveal that students primarily conceptualized the usefulness of mathematics in two ways. First, students considered the applicability of mathematics content, focusing on applications of mathematics in everyday life and future jobs/careers. Second, students considered the usefulness of features of the learning experience, such as the form of interaction and structure of the activity. Both conceptions are compared to existing conceptions of usefulness in the literature, and implications for classroom practice and future research are discussed.