Evaluation of elastic modulus of cantilever beam by TA-ESPI

The paper proposes an evaluation technique for the elastic modulus of a cantilever beam by vibration analysis based on time average electronic speckle pattern interferometry (TA-ESPI) and Euler-Bernoulli equation. General approaches for the measurement of elastic modulus of a thin film are the Nano indentation test, Buldge test, Micro-tensile test, and so on. They each have strength and weakness in the preparation of the test specimen and the analysis of experimental results. ESPI is a type of laser speckle interferometry technique offering non-contact, high-resolution and whole-field measurement. The technique is a common measurement method for vibration mode visualization and surface displacement. Whole-field vibration mode shape (surface displacement distribution) at resonance frequency can be visualized by ESPI. And the maximum surface displacement distribution from ESPI can be used to find the resonance frequency for each vibration mode shape. And the elastic modules of a test material can be easily estimated from the measured resonance frequency and Euler-Bernoulli equation. The TA-ESPI vibration analysis technique can be used to find the elastic modulus of a material requiring simple preparation process and analysis.     

Side-hole to anti-hole conversion in time-resolved spectral hole burning of ruby: Long-lived spectral holes due to ground state level population storage

We report time-resolved transient spectral hole burning of Verneuil-grown 20 ppm and ca. 0.6 ppm ruby (Al₂O₃:Cr³⁺) in zero field and low magnetic fields B∥c at 4 K. The hole-burning spectroscopy of the 20 ppm sample implies relatively rapid cross relaxation in the ⁴A₂ ground state on the ∼1 ms timescale both in zero field and in low magnetic fields, B∥c, up to 0.2 T. In the 0.6 ppm sample, side-hole to anti-hole conversion is observed both in zero field and in low magnetic fields. This conversion is caused by population storage in ⁴A₂ ground state levels. Spin-lattice relaxation, on the 200 ms timescale, is directly observed from the time dependence of the resonant hole and anti holes in B∥c, consistent with a very low cross-relaxation rate. However, in zero field cross relaxation in the ⁴A₂ ground state is still a significant relaxation mechanism for the 0.6 ppm sample resulting in hole decay in ∼50 ms.     

Finite-time lag synchronization of coupled reaction–diffusion systems with time-varying delay via periodically intermittent control

In this paper, the issue of finite-time lag synchronization of coupled reaction–diffusion systems with time-varying delay (CRDSTD) is considered. A periodically intermittent controller is designed such that drive system and corresponding response system can achieve finite-time lag synchronization. By using graph theory and Lyapunov method, two sufficient criteria are presented to guarantee the finite-time lag synchronization of CRDSTD. Moreover, the time of achieving lag synchronization of CRDSTD is estimated. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed results.     

The impact of investment lags on investment decision

This paper suggests a valuation framework for an investment project through the concept of real options. Generally, in real asset world, decision time and its payment time are not identical. This so-called investment lag problem should be considered when valuing real assets. When investment lags exist, firms’ accommodation capacities play important roles. In this paper, the real effect of investment lag on investment value is tested upon various conditions. We show the valuation process of real assets under the risk-neutral world. The closed-form formula is also provided for valuing real assets, including R&D project.     

Schiff碱N,N’-双水杨醛缩-1,6-己二胺的光致变色光谱研究

用稳态和时间相关荧光光谱、紫外 -可见吸收光谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱等方法研究了 Schiff碱N ,N -双水杨醛缩 -1 ,6-己二胺 ( BSH)的光致变色行为 .确定了光致变色的产物为双质子转移的酮式结构 .     

The time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation in fractal space-time

We use the hydrodynamic formulation of Scale Relativity Theory to analyze the TDGL equation. As a result, London equations come naturally from the system, when equating to zero the real velocity, the imaginary one turns real, the superconducting fluid act as a subquantum medium energy accumulator, the vector potential, the real and the imaginary velocity are all written in terms of the elliptic function. When solving the resulted system by means of WKBJ method, we get tunneling and quantization. In other words, scale transformation laws produce, on the motion equation of particles governed by the TDGL equation, under some peculiar assumptions, effects which are analogous to those of a “macroscopic quantum mechanics”.     

Single-photon time response of reach-through APD

Time response of avalanche photodiode (APD) is very important in photon counting systems, and there are many models for circuit simulation. But these studies generally based on the carrier rate equations of steady-state condition, disagree with the single-photon-indicate condition. In this paper, a time response function based on an integration of APD’s sub-domain carriers for reach-through APD arising from a single photo-carrier is derived. The analytical results are shown to be in good accord with experimental results.     

Time series analysis and Monte Carlo methods for eigenvalue separation in neutron multiplication problems

A time series approach has been applied to the nuclear fission source distribution generated by Monte Carlo (MC) particle transport in order to calculate the non-fundamental mode eigenvalues of the system. The novel aspect is the combination of the general technical principle of projection pursuit for multivariate data with the neutron multiplication eigenvalue problem in the nuclear engineering discipline. Proof is thoroughly provided that the stationary MC process is linear to first order approximation and that it transforms into one-dimensional autoregressive processes of order one (AR(1)) via the automated choice of projection vectors. The autocorrelation coefficient of the resulting AR(1) process corresponds to the ratio of the desired mode eigenvalue to the fundamental mode eigenvalue. All modern MC codes for nuclear criticality calculate the fundamental mode eigenvalue, so the desired mode eigenvalue can be easily determined.     

Measurement of multiperiod aggregative efficiency

This article proposes a new method for measuring an aggregative efficiency of multiple period production systems. Every organization or firm generates a time series of data that represent its performances in the resource utilization and output production over multiple periods, and often desires an aggregated measure of efficiency for several periods of interest. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has become an accepted and well-known approach to evaluating efficiency performance in a wide range of cases. However, most of the DEA studies have dealt primarily with ways to gauge the efficiency of production in only a single period so this efficiency reflects the insufficient or partial performance of multiple period productions. The new method is developed through extensions of the concept of Debreu–Farrell technical efficiency and is applied to evaluating the efficiency of cable TV service units with 3-year data.     

ERROR ESTIMATES FOR THE TIME DISCRETIZATION FOR NONLINEAR MAXWELL＇S EQUATIONS

This paper is devoted to the study of a nonlinear evolution eddy current model of the type δtB（H） ＋ △↓× （ △↓ × H） =0 subject to homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions H × v = 0 and a given initial datum. Here, the magnetic properties of a soft ferromagnet are linked by a nonlinear material law described by B（H）. We apply the backward Euler method for the time discretization and we derive the error estimates in suitable function spaces. The results depend on the nonlinearity of B（H）.