流体力学基本方程组(BEFM)的层次结构理论和简化Navier-Stokes方程组(SNSE)

本文从流场中空间和时间的尺度分析及流体力学基本方程组(BEFM)中诸项的量级分析出发,提出了BEFM的层次结构理论,表明:当特征雷诺数Re>l、且一坐标方向的长度尺度大于其它坐标方向的长度尺度吋,按照BEFM中诸项的量级关系,形成从Euler方程到 BEFM 和从边界层方程到 BEFM 的两支层次结构,文中以二维可压缩流动和不可压缩轴对称射流为例说明了两支层次结构的关系和特点,分析了诸层次方程组的特征、次特征(Subcharacteristics)以及它们的数学性质,并把诸层次方程组与已有的诸简化Navier-Stakes方程组(SNSE)作了对照比较。     

Wave interaction with a new type perforated breakwater

In this study examined is the wave interaction with a new modified perforated breakwater, consisting of a perforated front wall, a solid back wall and a wave absorbing chamber between them with a two-layer rock-filled core. The fluid domain is divided into three sub-domains according to the components of the breakwater. Then by means of the matched eigenfunction expansion method, an analytical solution is obtained to assess the hydrodynamic performance of the new structure. An approach based on a step approach method is introduced to solve the complex dispersion equations for water wave motions within two-layer porous media. Numerical results of the present model are compared with previous limiting cases. The effects of rock fill on the reflection coefficient and the horizontal wave force are discussed. The project supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teams in Universities (IRT0420). The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

Process rheokinetics and microstructure of recycled EVA/LDPE-modified bitumen

Knowledge of the kinetics of the manufacturing process of polymer–bitumen blends is of great interest because it provides information on the behaviour of the binder at different stages of the mixing operation, which is useful for the establishment of the optimum processing conditions, involving temperature and operation time. The purpose of this research was to study the evolution of the rheological properties and microstructure of a polymer-modified bitumen during its processing. A 60/70-penetration grade bitumen and recycled EVA/LDPE were mixed under different processing conditions. Measurements of the evolution of viscosity with time, at different temperatures and agitation speeds, were carried out with an experimental device known as ‘rheomixer’, that is, a helical ribbon impeller inside a mixing vessel coupled with the transducer and motor of a conventional rheometer. Under the experimental conditions selected (within the laminar region, Re<10), temperature is the most important processing variable. Hence, low agitation speeds and a processing temperature of around 180°C should be chosen for bitumen modification with the polymer used.     

牛顿迭代一致性算法及其在板弹塑性有限元分析中的应用

本文简略讨论了有限载荷增量弹塑性有限元分析中传统切线刚度法丧失精度和牛顿迭代平方收敛速度的原因,并提出保持牛顿迭代平方收敛速度、保证一阶精度和无条件稳定性的一致性算法.一致性算法具备以下两个特征:1)采用路径无关计算格式;2)采用一致弹塑性切线模量。根据一致性算法构造出以弯矩和曲率为基本变量的弹塑性板弯曲有限元NIDKQ元。数值结果表明NIDKQ元具有令人满意的精度,同时验证了有限载荷增量下牛顿迭代一致性算法的平方收敛率特性,而传统切线刚度法随着塑性区的扩展将大大降低收敛速度。     

Momentum and Energy Transfer in a Shock Wave

The macroparameter profiles in a strong shock wave propagating in a single-component monatomic gas are investigated. The interaction between the molecules is described by the variable-diameter sphere model. Qualitative information concerning the shock wave parameters is obtained by direct statistical simulation (Monte-Carlo) method. Using the data obtained, simple approximate gas-velocity dependences of the stress and the heat flow are found and the linear Newton and Fourier relations are generalized.     

含空洞非线性材料的本构势和空洞扩展率

本文基于体胞模型的解析分析,分析了含空洞非线性材料的宏观本构势,得到了各种幂硬化指数下宏观应力和基体平均流变应力之间的相关曲线.当基体是遵循经典塑性全量理论时,这些曲线方程就是一簇依赖于空洞体积比和硬化指数的屈服面方程.当基体是粘性体时,这些方程就是粘性约束方程.通过曲线拟合的方法,本文发展了修正的Gurson方程,使之适合于不同硬化指数的情况.最后本文计算了粘性体中空洞的相对扩展率,结果与已有体胞模型的数值模拟计算结果相当一致.     

非对称铺层复合材料层合板的双稳态特性半解析研究

非对称铺层的复合材料层合板在存在热残余应力的情况下，具有双稳态性质．层合板的两个稳态之间仅需要一个适当的激励就可以互相转化，因此该结构在变体飞机上应用广泛．基于经典层合板理论，本文引入几何大变形建立了具有双稳态性质的复合材料层合板的能量泛函，提出了一个高阶的位移场函数，用瑞利里兹法推导出一组关于位移场函数系数的非线性方程组．结合牛顿迭代法和消元法求解非线性方程组，得到了层合板面外位移场．同时利用有限元软件ABAQUS，对复合材料层合板双稳态机理进行了数值模拟．选取了几组具有代表性的铺层进行计算，以有限元结果为基准，比较了本文的位移场结果与前人的结果，验证了高阶位移场函数的准确性．     

Matlab软件在牛顿环实验数据处理方法上的创新

运用了用Matlab软件的功能函数对牛顿环测量平凸透镜的曲率半径实验的数据进行处理,简化了数据处理过程,提高了实验结果的准确度;同时也提高了我们大学生应用软件的能力,激发了学习兴趣,提高了教学质量。     

Process optimization of ultrasound-assisted curcumin nanoemulsions stabilized by OSA-modified starch

This study reports on the process optimization of ultrasound-assisted, food-grade oil–water nanoemulsions stabilized by modified starches. In this work, effects of major emulsification process variables including applied power in terms of power density and sonication time, and formulation parameters, that is, surfactant type and concentration, bioactive concentration and dispersed-phase volume fraction were investigated on the mean droplet diameter, polydispersity index and charge on the emulsion droplets. Emulsifying properties of octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches, that is, Purity Gum 2000, Hi-Cap 100 and Purity Gum Ultra, and the size stability of corresponding emulsion droplets during the 1 month storage period were also investigated. Results revealed that the smallest and more stable nanoemulsion droplets were obtained when coarse emulsions treated at 40% of applied power (power density: 1.36 W/mL) for 7 min, stabilized by 1.5% (w/v) Purity Gum Ultra. Optimum volume fraction of oil (medium chain triglycerides) and the concentration of bioactive compound (curcumin) dispersed were 0.05 and 6 mg/mL oil, respectively. These results indicated that the ultrasound-assisted emulsification could be successfully used for the preparation of starch-stabilized nanoemulsions at lower temperatures (40–45 °C) and reduced energy consumption.     

Theoretical modeling of the Casimir force-induced instability in freestanding nanowires with circular cross-section

The Casimir force can induce instability and adhesion in freestanding nanostructures. Previous research efforts in this area have exclusively focused on modeling the instability in structures with planar or rectangular cross-section, while, to the best knowledge of the authors, no attention has been paid to investigate this phenomenon for nanowires with circular cross-section. In this study, effects of the Casimir force on the instability and adhesion of freestanding Cylinder–Plate and Cylinder–Cylinder geometries are investigated, which are commonly encountered in real nanodevices. To compute the Casimir force, two approaches, i.e. the proximity force approximation (PFA) for small separations and Dirichlet asymptotic approximation (scattering theory) for large separations, are considered. A continuum mechanics theory is employed, in conjunction with the Euler-beam model, to obtain constitutive equations of the systems. The governing nonlinear constitutive equations of the nanostructures are solved using two different approaches, i.e. the analytical modified Adomian decomposition (MAD) and the numerical finite difference method (FDM). The detachment length and minimum gap, both of which prevent the Casimir force-induced adhesion, are computed for both configurations.