Local environment influence on the optical properties of block copolymers containing an epoxy-based azo-prepolymer

The aim of this contribution was the study of the influence of polymer matrix on the photo-induced orientation of azobenzene groups. Notably, an azo-prepolymer bearing hydroxyl groups was selectively confined in self-assembled phases of different block copolymers, randomly-epoxidized polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene (SBSep) and polystyrene-b-poly-4-vinylpyridine (S4VP). The formation of hydrogen bonds between the azo-prepolymer and poly-4-vinylpyridine block, as well as the effect of the local environment surrounding the azo-prepolymer were investigated by Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopies. In addition, the reversible optical storage properties of the developed materials were also studied. Birefringent properties of the systems based on S4VP were strongly enhanced by intermolecular interactions with the azo-prepolymer. Specifically, the maximum birefringence level attained by a system containing 13 wt% of azobenzene was around 2.3 × 10⁻² and its remaining birefringence was nearly three times higher than that of the neat azo-prepolymer. Furthermore, a morphological analysis of the designed materials was carried out by atomic force microscopy. Taking into account that the control of the microdomains ordering in block copolymer films is of current interest, special attention was focused on the influence of different variables on the arrangement of the block copolymer microdomains.     

Development of an energy-based approach for optimized frequency selection for fatigue testing on polymers – Exemplified on polyamide 6

Polymers and composite materials show temperature-dependent material properties. Therefore, the frequency resembles a critical part in fatigue testing, due to its influence on the self-heating of the polymeric material and thereby on the number of cycles to failure. The aim of this paper is the development of a testing method, which allows comparable results with varying frequencies. To minimize the self-heating effect on the fatigue behavior, a model was established for selecting optimized frequencies regarding the load-specific temperature increase of the specimen. A new energy-parameter, the induced energy-rate, was introduced and correlated to the load-specific increase in temperature in multiple and constant amplitude tests at ambient conditions. With this approach, it was possible to determine a threshold value for the newly defined induced energy-rate. A stress-specific model was developed and a limit frequency was calculated. The results were verified in multiple and constant amplitude tests and S/N-curves.     

Development of GC–MS/MS method with programmable temperature vaporization large volume injection for monitoring of 17β-estradiol and 2-methoxyestradiol in plasma

Monitoring of estradiol and its metabolites in biological samples is essential for the accurate diagnosis of a number of endocrine diseases. In this study, a sensitive, precise and specific GC–MS/MS method for the quantification of 17β-estradiol (17-BE) and its main metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MEOE), in plasma was developed and validated. Plasma concentrations of these steroids are currently investigated as diagnostic markers for pre-eclampsia, a systematic disorder of pregnancy and a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide.     

Induced polarization forward modelling using finite element method and the fractal model

The modeling of induced polarization data from 2D and 3D geological medium was developed. We applied the finite element method and the fractal model to complex resistivity of rocks as an intrinsic electrical property of geological medium. The LU factorization and pre-conditioned complex bi-conjugated gradient method were applied to solve the complex linear equation system. The modeling implemented in this work was efficient and prompt. In addition, the induced polarization survey using the fractal model as intrinsic property of the medium is a promising method for environmental investigation.     

Development of highly potent chiral discrimination methods that solve the problems of the diastereomer method

The development of highly potent chiral discrimination methods that solve the problems of the diastereomer method, in which it is impossible to discriminate the diastereomers having chiral centers separated by more than four bonds, is described. On the basis of the results obtained, a new hypothesis, Induced Chiral Fields that the achiral reversed phase can provide chiral fields depending on the structures of the eluents, is proposed to explain the significant results of separation of the diastereomers derived from newly developed chiral and fluorescent labeling reagents and optical isomers by reversed-phase HPLC, which was hitherto impossible.     

Benzene Induced 1H NMR Shifts of Chromeno-Compounds: An Aid to Differentiate Linear and Angular Chromenoflavones

Benzene-induced shifts (BIS) in the ¹H NMR spectra of nine chromeno-compounds have been studied. It provides a simple non-destructive technique for distinguishing linear isomers of chromenoflavones from their angular counterparts. BIS also assists in the assignment of chromene proton signals in chromeno-compounds.     

激光诱导荧光光谱快速检测食源性致病菌

近年来,由微生物污染引起的食品安全问题对人类健康构成威胁。微生物的快速检测对食品安全具有重要意义。目前,微生物快速检测技术存在操作困难,成本高的不足。激光诱导荧光光谱(LIFS)具有灵敏度高、操作方便、设备相对便宜等优点,为微生物的快速检测提供了一种潜在技术。利用便携式405 nm激光激发三种常见食源性致病菌(粪肠球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌)的荧光,并利用微光纤光谱仪检测光谱。通过调节激光器功率(10～100 mW)得到粪肠球菌的荧光强度,验证了激光器功率(Power,P)与细菌荧光强度的关系,结果表明最佳激光器功率范围为50～80 mW。测量了在激光器功率P=50 mW时细菌样品的荧光光谱,并讨论了细菌种类和荧光光谱之间关系。结合文献分析粪肠球菌在528 nm处出现黄酮的荧光峰,铜绿假单胞菌中的原卟啉发射634 nm荧光峰。实验结果表明：(1)铜绿假单胞菌在634和703 nm处的荧光峰,可作为直接识别特征;(2)基于多元统计,将粪肠球菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的光谱划分为9个特征区,采用动态聚类法得到粪肠球菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的识别率均达到100%。结果表明,激光诱导荧光光谱法可有效检测铜绿假单胞菌、粪肠球菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。相较于其他微生物快速检测技术,LIFS方法操作方便,检测速度快,识别率高,对食源性致病菌的快速检测具有重要的应用价值。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾银离子诱导电离飞行时间质谱定性分析高沸点多环芳烃

建立了高效液相色谱-电喷雾飞行时间质谱联用技术快速鉴别高沸点多环芳烃的方法。多环芳烃经色谱柱分离后,通过柱后添加AgNO3溶液诱导其在电喷雾离子源中电离,生成多环芳烃[M]+及其复合[M+Ag]+和[2M+Ag]+特征离子,根据所获得的各特征离子的精确分子量和分子式,可实现多环芳烃类化合物的快速鉴别。将本方法用于美国环保局(USEPA)规定的16种优先控制多环芳烃及原油中多环芳烃类化合物的分析鉴别,结果表明,四环以上的PAHs质谱信号良好,说明本方法适用于四环以上的高分子量、高沸点多环芳烃类化合物的分析鉴别。     

毛细管电泳分离-激光诱导荧光检测血清中的巴氯芬

首次将新合成的柱前衍生试剂6-氧-（N-琥珀酰亚胺乙酸酯）-9-（2′-甲氧羰基）荧光素（SAM F）用于巴氯芬（B aclofen）的衍生标记,并采用毛细管电泳分离-激光诱导荧光（CE-L IF）法分离检测衍生物。研究表明,在磷酸盐缓冲溶液（pH=7.5）介质中,30℃下10m in即可完成衍生反应。反应物在pH 5.6,35mm o.lL-1的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中12m in内达到分离,检出限为6×10-10m o.lL-1。本法用于血清中巴氯芬的分析测定,回收率为95.8%—101.0%。     

Induced phosphorescence of some aza- and thio-stilbenes embedded in thallium-exchanged zeolites

The emission properties of some aza-stilbenes (2-, 3- and 4-styrylpyridine) and thio-stilbenes [2- and 3-styrylthiophene and 1,2-di-(3-thienyl)ethene] have been investigated after inclusion in commercial (NaY) and cation-exchanged (TlY) faujasite zeolites to get information on the triplet properties through population of the T₁ state induced by the heavy atom effect. The fluorescence properties in NaY and TlY were compared with those reported in solution. The phosphorescence spectra, observed in TlY at liquid nitrogen temperature, allowed the energy levels of the T₁ states to be obtained. Phosphorescence lifetimes were also measured. Their comparison with the lifetime known for stilbene showed that the radiative decay is little affected by the heteroatoms.