Strong approximation for ρ-mixing sequences

We establish strong invariance principles for sums of stationary ρ-mixing random variables with finite and infinite second moments under weaker mixing rates.Some earlier results are improved.As applications,some results of the law of the iterated logarithm with finite and infinite variance are obtained,also a conjecture raised by Shao in 1993 is solved.     

On the Existence Of Consistent Price Systems

We formulate a sufficient condition for the existence of a consistent price system (CPS), which is weaker than the conditional full support condition (CFS). We use the new condition to show the existence of CPSs for certain processes that fail to have the CFS property. In particular this condition gives sufficient conditions, under which a continuous function of a process with CFS admits a CPS, while the CFS property might be lost.     

Representations for conditional expectations and applications to pricing and hedging of financial products in Lévy and jump-diffusion setting

In this article, we derive expressions for conditional expectations in terms of regular expectations without conditioning but involving some weights. For this purpose, we apply two approaches: the conditional density method and the Malliavin method. We use these expressions for the numerical estimation of the price of American options and their deltas in a Lévy and jump-diffusion setting. Several examples of applications to financial and energy markets are given including numerical examples.     

Viscosity Mixing Rules for Binary Systems Containing One Ionic Liquid

In this work the applicability of four of the most commonly used viscosity mixing rules to [ionic liquid (IL)+molecular solvent (MS)] systems is assessed. More than one hundred (IL+MS) binary mixtures were selected from the literature to test the viscosity mixing rules proposed by 1) Hind (Hi), 2) Grunberg and Nissan (G–N), 3) Herric (He) and 4) Katti and Chaudhri (K–C). The analyses were performed by estimating the average (absolute or relative) deviations, AADs and ARDs, between the available experimental data and the predicted ideal mixture viscosity values obtained by means of each rule. The interaction terms corresponding to the adjustable parameters inherent to each rule were also calculated and their trends discussed.     

彩虹自标定方法对混合喷雾比例的原位测量

传统彩虹测量技术标定复杂、精度可重复性差且难以适应密闭空间。一种基于多彩虹谱线自标定方法,可省去原有的标定系统装置,将标定过程内化于对彩虹信号的处理,以水为例的测量偏差仅为0.13%。将该技术应用于混合喷雾液滴组分浓度测量中,探究并优化了参与混合的两种液体组分的方案。实验采用60%乙醇-水混合喷雾,原位测量了混合喷雾场多点组分浓度,测量结果差别可以控制在0.5%以内,表明该方法技术在相关领域的应用潜力。     

Computational Study of the Substitution Effect on the Mechanism for the Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Ring Expansions of Unactivated Alkynylcyclopropanes

The ring expansion reactions of unactivated alkynylcyclopropanes X‐C≡C‐C₃H₅ → X‐C=C₄H₅ (X = H, F, Cl, Me, OMe, NMe₂, CMe₃) were examined using the density functional theory calculations. All of the structures were completely optimized at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory. For clarify the effect of the cationic gold(I), we also added AuPH₃⁺ as the catalyst into the system and the structures for Au were calculated at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory. The main finding of this work is that the singlet‐triplet splitting of X‐C≡C‐C₃H₅ play an important role in determining the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of the unactivated ring expansion reactions. When X‐C≡C‐C₃H₅ with a smaller singlet‐triplet splitting is utilized, the reaction has a smaller activation energy and a larger exothermicity.     

Phase formation and impurity effects in Ar+ ion irradiated Mo/Si thin film bilayer system

We report a dose‐dependent phase evolution in Mo/Si bilayer system upon Ar⁺ ion beam irradiation and subsequent flash annealing at 800 °C for 60 s. Micro‐structural characterization with Grazing Incidence X‐ray Diffraction and Raman scattering reveals a dose‐dependent nucleation of polymorphic phases occurring at the amorphized interface region. The ion beam mixing process has been investigated by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry. While low ion doses favour nucleation of only metastable MoSi₂ phase, co‐existence of polymorphic phases are observed at high ion doses. The persistence of such polymorphic phases even after a high‐temperature anneal for high dose implanted specimen is indicative of phase retardation. The phase retardation of h‐MoSi₂ to t‐MoSi₂ is accounted in terms of nucleation and growth process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Increased Flexibility in Multicolumn Chromatography (MC[sbnd]HPLC) via On-line Effluent Mixing Technique

Abstract

In continuation of our work dealing with multicolumn HPLC (MC[sbnd]HPLC) we describe in this paper an on-line on-column fraction trapping technique based on effluent mixing.

To a normal two-column switching set-up (in this case with two RP columns) an additional high-pressure pump gets inserted into the connection line between column A and column B via a low dead volume mixing tee. The in-line respectively off-line switching of pump B and the mobile phase B is time controlled by using a high pressure switching valve. With this set-up it is possible to mix on-line an effluent fraction from column A and transferred onto column B with a highly polar and pH-controlled (e.g. aqueous buffer) new effluent, to reduce or adjust significantly the overall elution strength of this mixed transferred solvent. Thus, several chromatographically effective possibilities can be created in a simple manner, which are for example: (a) pronounced peak compression respectively on-column concentration on column B; (b) due to low elution strength and/or pH adjustment during the trapping period on column B, increments to the overall selectivity of the column switching set-up can be added creating multidimensionality via mobile phase switching; (c) combining the heart cut with the effluent mixing technique enables analysis of trace peaks eluted on the back flank of an overloaded main peak.