长碳链聚酰胺及其共聚物的拉伸诱导结晶

长碳链聚酰胺(LCPA)作为聚酰胺的特殊品种,较长的亚甲基链和极性酰胺基团使其兼具聚烯烃和聚酰胺的双重特性.在加工或使用过程中,拉伸诱导结晶现象对长碳链聚酰胺及其共聚物的强度和弹性行为具有重要影响,深入认识其在外场下的微观结构响应对该材料的设计及制备具有重要意义.围绕拉伸诱导结晶作用,该专论主要基于本团队2010年以来在长碳链聚酰胺及其共聚物的拉伸诱导结晶工作,并综述了国内外的相关研究,涉及拉伸诱导结晶现象、拉伸诱导结晶的影响因素、拉伸诱导结晶与力学性能的构效关系及拉伸诱导结晶的表征方法等方面.     

储氢长管拖车隧道燃爆事故演化机理研究

储氢长管拖车在城市公路隧道运输时突发异常状况将导致氢气泄漏和燃爆事故,本文通过构建储氢长管拖车隧道事故模型,基于隧道内氢气泄漏浓度、冲击波和温度场等特性参数分析,阐明燃爆事故演化规律和毁伤机理。研究表明,泄漏氢气在隧道口呈竖向羽流扩散,而隧道内扩散时会在一定区域积聚。氢气燃爆处驻留车辆和设备构成边界约束条件,将增强爆炸冲击波的传播速度和峰值超压。此外,冲击波与火焰形成耦合效应,进而增强了破坏后果。     

一种模拟动边界绕流的锐利界面浸入边界法

When the structural wall moves over a fixed grid, the structure coverage will change, resulting in many dead and emerging elements. To avoid the influence of malformation and reconstruction of body-fitted grids on the calculation efficiency and accuracy of the fluid-structure interaction problems with coupled boundary movement on the fixed grid, an improved numerical method for describing the interaction between an immersed rigid body and fluid based on a sharp-interface is proposed. In this method, both the fluid and solid are regarded as pure fluid domains in the whole computational domain, and the solid boundary is divided into several Lagrangian grid points. The flow parameter or velocity is reconstructed by interpolation at the interface element, which is then directly used as the boundary condition of the flow field, thus reflecting the influence of the wall boundary conditions. The method constructs the calculation structure of “virtual point, force point and vertical foot point”, and the velocity of the virtual point is obtained by bilinear interpolation. Then, the velocity of the force point is calculated by forcing the solid boundary to meet the no-slip condition, and the equations of the coupling system based on the immersion boundary method are finally solved to realize the numerical simulation of the flow with a complex moving boundary. The numerical program for this immersed boundary method is established using C++, then the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method are validated by comparison with the literature and experimental results of the basic numerical example of flow around a cylinder. Furthermore, the effects of the structural shape and the angle of attack on the trailing vortex structure, the vortex shedding frequency, and the lift/ coefficient characteristics of the flow around the elliptical cylinder have been analyzed. The anti-symmetric S-type, “P+S” Ⅰ-type and “P+S” Ⅱ-type trailing vortex shedding modes, as well as the variation laws of the vortex structure size, vortex shedding frequency and lift-drag coefficients ratio with axis ratio and angle of attack, are captured. The critical angle of attack (25°) corresponding to the maximum lift-drag ratio is determined as 25°.     

一种弹体入水冲击波阴影成像可视化系统及其试验研究

扩大成像视野对于开展充水容器中弹体入水冲击波传播及弥散方面的可视化研究具有重要的实际意义。阴影成像技术适用于大视野实验,且对流场冲击波和扰动的可视化研究具有简单性和通用性,其中直接阴影成像最为简单,但可靠点光源的缺乏是阻碍其发展应用的瓶颈。因此基于国产短弧氙灯管,自制了短弧氙灯点光源,根据阴影成像原理,设计出一种弹体入水冲击波阴影成像可视化系统,详细介绍了其组成和运行原理。利用该系统对高速弹体入水进行了试验研究,获得了弹体入水冲击波的阴影成像和冲击波信号的压力时程曲线,通过阴影成像和冲击波信号相结合分析了弹体入水冲击波的传播特性,并进行了理论验证。结果表明:该弹体入水冲击波阴影成像可视化系统具有可靠性和设计的合理性。弹体高速入水后,初始冲击波的强度最大,随着冲击波的传播,冲击波强度逐渐降低,水中冲击波的传播速度不断降低,球形冲击波的半径逐渐增大。     

有限长密绕圆柱形螺线管自感系数的精确表达式

对于有限长密绕圆柱形螺线管,首先用贝塞尔函数展开法推导出自感系数的积分形式的表达式,然后用直接积分的方法得出两个级数形式的自感系数表达式,最后对这两个表达式作了简要的分析与比较.     

旋转滑动弧氩等离子体裂解甲烷制氢

采用切向气流和磁场协同驱动的旋转滑动弧氩等离子体,先通过光谱分析法计算了其电子温度和电子密度,了解其物理特性,将其应用于甲烷裂解制氢,研究了进气流量和CH_4/Ar比对反应效果的影响。结果表明,该滑动弧系统电子温度为1.0-2.0 e V,电子密度高达1015cm~(-3),是介于热与低温等离子体之间的一种等离子体形式,具有独特的物理特性,可以在达到较高反应效率的同时,保持较大的处理量;在CH_4裂解制氢实验中,CH_4转化率可达22.1%-70.2%,并随进气流量和CH_4/Ar比的增大均逐渐降低;H_2选择性为21.2%-61.2%,并随进气流量的增大先基本不变后有所增大,随CH_4/Ar比的增大逐渐降低;与应用于甲烷裂解的不同形式的低温等离子体对比(如微波、射频、介质阻挡放电等)可以发现,旋转滑动弧在获得较高甲烷转化率、较高H_2选择性和较低制氢能耗的同时,还可以保持较大的处理量,即进气流量可达6-20 L/min。     

372-mJ long pulse pyrotechnically pumped laser

A pyrotechnically pumped Nd glass laser is demonstrated by the use of pyrotechnic flashlamps composed of several chemical materials arranged in a stable plane concave resonator cavity. The flashlamp was made of chemical mixture with oxidant, fuel, and binder. The emission spectrum of pyrotechnic flame covered most of the absorption bands of Nda＋ in phosphate glass. Under 4.56-g chemical mixture pumping, long pulse output power of about 5.5 W was achieved.     

长余辉发光材料的紫外-可见反射光谱测定

用“湿法”制备了长余辉发光材料,原料通过水溶液液相分子水平上的均匀混合,利用金属硝酸盐和有机还原剂在较低的温度下发生氧化还原燃烧反应,一步快速生成产品。加热起燃温度低至500℃,反应时间短,所制得的产品成份均匀,晶粒小,外观呈蓬松状态,易研磨粉碎,粉体表观密度小。以紫外－可见分光光度计测定分析了所制备样品在蓄光前后的反射光谱特征并作了探讨。结果表明,除表观密度外,“显法”与“干法”制备的长余辉发光材料的主要性质相同,紫外－可见反射光谱可以准确描述长余辉发光材料的紫外－可见光谱性能特征。     

InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb长波长多量子阱激光器有源区的优化设计

系统地研究了波长为2.7μm的InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb多量子阱激光器中有源区的优化设计.分别用含应变势的6带KP模型和抛物带模型计算价带和导带的能带结构，并得到薛定谔方程和泊松方程的自洽解，由此计算量子阱在载流子注入时的增益谱.研究表明制约量子阱增益的主要因素不是跃迁矩阵元，而是粒子数反转程度，尤其是空穴填充HH1子带的概率.增加压应变或减小阱宽都会提高量子阱增益.前者降低了价带HH1子带空穴的平面内有效质量；后者拉大了价带子带间距，尽管它同时略微增加了空穴有效质量.这两种因素都导致价带顶空穴态     

长喙毛茛泽泻的胚胎发生

对长喙毛茛泽泻（Ｒａｎａｌｉｓｍａｒｏｓｔｒａｔｕｍ）胚及胚乳的发育进行了研究．合子横向分裂成基细胞和顶细胞，基细胞不再分裂，顶细胞分裂形成胚体及合点端胚柄细胞．胚发育属石竹型．成熟胚为“Ｕ”形．胚乳发育属沼生目型，初生胚乳核在近合点端横向分裂，形成两个不等室，即合点室和珠孔室．合点室细胞不再分裂，珠孔室细胞经游离核分裂后，从珠孔端及合点端同时开始细胞化．细胞化与成膜体、细胞板有关，而不是通过“自由生长壁”．随着胚的发育，胚乳逐渐解体，成熟种子中无胚乳．在原胚发育时期，胚柄基细胞及合点室胚乳细胞体积增大，核染色深，有时分裂成２～３核，细胞质浓厚．它们在四形胚时期开始退化，与胚乳细胞化相对应，推测它们与胚早期发育所需营养的供应有关．