一种模拟动边界绕流的锐利界面浸入边界法

When the structural wall moves over a fixed grid, the structure coverage will change, resulting in many dead and emerging elements. To avoid the influence of malformation and reconstruction of body-fitted grids on the calculation efficiency and accuracy of the fluid-structure interaction problems with coupled boundary movement on the fixed grid, an improved numerical method for describing the interaction between an immersed rigid body and fluid based on a sharp-interface is proposed. In this method, both the fluid and solid are regarded as pure fluid domains in the whole computational domain, and the solid boundary is divided into several Lagrangian grid points. The flow parameter or velocity is reconstructed by interpolation at the interface element, which is then directly used as the boundary condition of the flow field, thus reflecting the influence of the wall boundary conditions. The method constructs the calculation structure of “virtual point, force point and vertical foot point”, and the velocity of the virtual point is obtained by bilinear interpolation. Then, the velocity of the force point is calculated by forcing the solid boundary to meet the no-slip condition, and the equations of the coupling system based on the immersion boundary method are finally solved to realize the numerical simulation of the flow with a complex moving boundary. The numerical program for this immersed boundary method is established using C++, then the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method are validated by comparison with the literature and experimental results of the basic numerical example of flow around a cylinder. Furthermore, the effects of the structural shape and the angle of attack on the trailing vortex structure, the vortex shedding frequency, and the lift/ coefficient characteristics of the flow around the elliptical cylinder have been analyzed. The anti-symmetric S-type, “P+S” Ⅰ-type and “P+S” Ⅱ-type trailing vortex shedding modes, as well as the variation laws of the vortex structure size, vortex shedding frequency and lift-drag coefficients ratio with axis ratio and angle of attack, are captured. The critical angle of attack (25°) corresponding to the maximum lift-drag ratio is determined as 25°.