取代基对卟啉三阶光学非线性及弛豫过程的影响

研究了取代基对卟啉三阶光学非线性和激发态弛豫过程的影响，发现在同一取代位置，推电子基团取代使得卟啉三阶光学非线性极化纱数Ｘ值相对影响，而吸电子基团取代使得卟啉Ｘ值相对减少，对同一取代基在不同取代装置，发现推电子基团在邻位取代的Ｘ值大于其在对位取代卟啉的Ｘ值，而吸电子基团在邻位取代的Ｘ值小于其在对位取代卟啉的Ｘ值，另外，还发现推电子基团取代的卟啉弛豫过程比吸电子基团取代的卟啉弛豫过程快７倍。     

Energy relaxation method for chemical non‐equilibrium flow computations

In this paper, an algorithm for chemical non‐equilibrium hypersonic flow is developed based on the concept of energy relaxation method (ERM). The new system of equations obtained are studied using finite volume method with Harten–Lax–van Leer scheme for contact (HLLC). The original HLLC method is modified here to account for additional species and split energy equations. Higher order spatial accuracy is achieved using MUSCL reconstruction of the flow variables with van Albada limiter. The thermal equilibrium is considered for the analysis and the species data are generated using polynomial correlations. The single temperature model of Dunn and Kang is used for chemical relaxation. The computed results for a flow field over a hemispherical cylinder at Mach number of 16.34 obtained using the present solver are found to be promising and computationally (25%) more efficient. The present solver captures physically correct solution as the entropy conditions are satisfied automatically during the computations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Substitutional adsorption of K on Fe(100)

The adsorption of potassium on Fe(100) was studied by time-of-flight forward scattering and recoiling spectroscopy (TOF-SARS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). After heating to 650 K of the potassium saturated surface the formation of a p(3 × 3) potassium superstructure was observed by LEED. TOF-SARS experiments ruled out the adsorption of potassium in the on-top, bridge and four-fold hollow site. The only site which is in agreement with all experimental results is the substitutional site where K replaces an Fe atom of the topmost layer of the crystal. This is the first time a substitutional adsorption site has been found on a bcc surface. On an fcc surface such an adsorption site has been found recently for adsorption of sodium and potassium on Al(111).     

Search space pruning and global optimisation of multiple gravity assist spacecraft trajectories

We introduce and describe the Multiple Gravity Assist problem, a global optimisation problem that is of great interest in the design of spacecraft and their trajectories. We discuss its formalization and we show, in one particular problem instance, the performance of selected state of the art heuristic global optimisation algorithms. A deterministic search space pruning algorithm is then developed and its polynomial time and space complexity derived. The algorithm is shown to achieve search space reductions of greater than six orders of magnitude, thus reducing significantly the complexity of the subsequent optimisation. This work was partially funded under the Ariadna scheme of the European Space Agency, contract number 18138/04/NL/MV.     

Optimal infrastructure design and expansion of broadband wireless access networks

This paper investigates the important infrastructure design and expansion problem for broadband wireless access networks subject to user demand constraints and system capacity constraints. For the problem, an integer program is derived and a heuristic solution procedure is proposed based on Lagrangean relaxation. In the computational experiments, our Lagrangean relaxation based algorithm can solve this complex design and expansion problem quickly and near optimally. Based on the test results, it is suggested that the proposed algorithm may be practically used for the infrastructure design and expansion problem for broadband wireless access networks.     

带鳍通道性能的遗传算法优化

与光滑通道相比,带鳍通道有更高的传热系数,附加的鳍,极大地增强了通道的传热.然而,传热的增强又与压降的升高相关联,这又导致泵动力需求的增加,因此应该寻求对该系统的优化设计.该文的主要目的是,通过如下方式来精确地确定鳍的位置和尺寸:利用遗传算法实现最小压降时达到最优传热.鳍的每种布局作为问题(遗传算法中的一个个体)的一个解.通常,首先随机地产生一个初始种群,然后该算法在所有这些解中搜索,利用布局函数迭代出新解,最后得到鳍的优化设计.     

二层线性规划的自适应遗传算法

提出了一种自适应遗传算法来求解二层线性规划问题.该方法克服了难以确定合适的交叉概率和变异概率的困难.另外,在该方法中还采用了其它一些技巧不仅解决了在采用遗传算法经常出现的有些个体不可行的问题,而且还改进了算法的效率.     

一种最短路问题的遗传算法求解

针对最短路径问题,在分析传统遗传算法不足的基础上提出了变长染色体遗传算法(ClvGA),详细论叙了其编码、基因插入(删除、变异)算子的设计,最后通过两个网络对ClvGA进行了实验仿真,结果表明:该方法在最短路径问题上表现出较好的鲁棒性.     

基于组合权重的系统评价模型

提出了基于组合权重的系统评价新模型 ( CWSE) ,即 :直接根据评价指标样本数据集 ,用基于加速遗传算法的投影寻踪方法确定各评价指标的分类权重 ,用基于加速遗传算法的层次分析法确定各评价指标的排序权重 ,用加速遗传算法对各评价指标的分类权重和排序权重进行综合得到组合权重 ,然后以这些组合权重与各评价对象相应评价指标的标准化值进行加权平均 ,得到系统评价的综合指标值 ,据此可对各评价对象进行分类排序 .用 CW SE模型评价中国 30个区域 1995年开发度的结果表明 ,根据开发度的强弱可把这些区域分成 3个强开发区域、6个较强开发区域、10个中等开发区域和 11个弱开发区域 ;CWSE模型简便、通用 ,计算结果较为客观和稳定 ,为系统工程理论和实践提供了新的研究方法 .