DHAC改性膨润土对炼油碱渣废液的吸附机理探讨

以有机插层剂双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(DHAC),对新疆夏子街膨润土进行插层改性,制备DHAC改性膨润土。红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明,双烷基阳离子插层进入蒙脱石片层。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,DHAC改性膨润土片层间距为3．772 nm,为改性前的2．07倍,表明改性后蒙脱土片层间距增大。SEM分析观察, DHAC捕层改性后膨润土颗粒更加疏松,蒙脱石颗粒表面有明显的刻蚀痕迹。通过研究改性膨润土的吸附机理分析表明,DHAC改性膨润土在不同温度下的等温吸附模型符合Freundlich模型,且相关性较高。挥发酚在改性膨润土上的吸附焓值为-2．64 kJ／mol,属于物理吸附,且△Gθ<0,说明该吸附为自发的放热过程。室温下DHAC改性膨润土吸附挥发酚的动力学模型遵循Bingham和Langmuir速率方程。     

Fe-Al 柱撑膨润土的制备及其非均相Fenton降解橙黄II

通过离子交换方法制备不同Fe含量的Fe-Al柱撑膨润土,并且研究了其作为非均相Fenton催化剂降解橙黄II的性能.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD),比表面积(SBET),傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱,拉曼(Raman)光谱和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究其结构特征.结果显示,钠化膨润土的层间距为1.24 nm,经过柱撑之后,Al柱撑膨润土的层间距增大到1.77 nm,Fe-Al柱撑膨润土为1.72 nm左右,并且比表面积也有明显增大.XRD和Raman结果表明Fe/(Fe+Al)摩尔比达到20%时,样品中出现α-Fe2O3,膨润土未能形成柱撑.在橙黄II初始浓度为100 mg L-1,催化剂用量为1.0 g L-1,温度为40°C,pH为3.0,H2O2初始浓度为10 mmol L-1的条件下,考察了柱撑膨润土的Fenton催化活性.结果表明,Fe-Al柱撑膨润土的催化性能随着Fe含量的增多先增大后略有降低,当Fe/(Fe+Al)摩尔比为10%时达到最大,橙黄II溶液在4 h内色度去除率和化学需氧量(CODCr)去除率分别达到100%和87.73%,并且降解反应为非均相Fenton反应.研究了Fe-Al柱撑膨润土的重复使用性.催化剂循环使用4次,仍然具有良好的活性.     

溴化铵改性膨润土脱除气态单质汞的特性及机理分析

采用溴化铵对钠基膨润土进行改性制得脱汞吸附剂,在固定床实验装置上对所制备的吸附剂进行脱汞性能测试。脱汞实验结果表明,钠基膨润土较钙基膨润土在脱汞性能上提高不大,而溴化铵改性的钠基膨润土(Br-Ben/Na)脱汞性能得到明显提高,脱汞效率达到97.7%。吸附温度的升高有利于对Hg0的脱除,在140℃下,10%Br-Ben/Na吸附剂的脱汞率能长时间保持在90%以上,说明在此吸附过程中化学吸附占主导性作用。通过N2吸附/脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、元素分析仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析等结果表明,改性后的膨润土比表面积下降,平均孔径增大;铵根离子进入到膨润土的层间置换出层间钠离子,煅烧活化过程中层间的铵根离子并未分解,而在层间与膨润土结合为某吸附活性组分协助Br-与Hg0反应,提高了膨润土的脱汞性能。     

Adsorption of organochlorine pesticides on modified porous Al30/bentonite: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Adsorption of pesticides (heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin and endrin) onto modified bentonite by Keggin cation [Al₃₀O₈(OH)₅₆(H₂O)₂₄]¹⁸⁺ denoted Al₃₀ cation to form composite (Al₃₀/B), has been investigated as a possible alternative method for their removal from aqueous solutions. The study was aimed to use a low-cost material as a step towards cleaner environment. Interestingly, these chemical modifications altered the physicochemical characteristics of bentonite in term of morphology, surface area and functionality which has been confirmed by using nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to identify and analyze the pesticides. Different physicochemical parameters were analyzed: contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature. The results showed that the removal percentage of pesticides on Al₃₀/B was the highest at contact time of 5 h, adsorbent dosage of 25 mg, at pH 7.5, and at optimum temperature of 45 °C. Furthermore, the Kinetic study indicated that the adsorption of pesticides on Al₃₀/B was well adapted to the pseudo-first order kinetic with a correlation coefficient near unity. The results of adsorption were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Freundlich model represented the adsorption process better than Langmuir model, with correlation coefficients (R²) values range from 0.986 to 0.989. The Thermodynamic study suggested that the adsorption of pesticides was chemisorption, spontaneous and endothermic process. Therefore, Al₃₀/B composite can be utilized effectively for removal of pesticides with efficiency up to 98%.     

分光光度法测定高纯度膨润土吸蓝量

以分光光度法测定高含量膨润土吸蓝量,应用正交试验设计对分光光度法的实验条件进行优化,确定的最佳实验条件:煮沸时间为5 min,4%焦磷酸钠溶液加入体积为20 mL,0.01 mol/L亚甲基蓝溶液加入体积为30mL,振荡时间为15 min。该法与滴定法对比,测定值相对误差在4%以内,相对标准偏差为1.04%,可满足高纯度膨润土吸蓝量的分析要求。     

Polymerization of β‐cyclodextrin in the presence of bentonite clay to produce polymer nanocomposites for removal of heavy metals from drinking water

New hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposites consist of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)/epichlorohydrin (ECH), and bentonite clay were prepared by direct intercalation through one step emulsion polymerization. The structure and thermal stability of prepared nanocomposites were investigated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential of differential scanning calorimetry (DDSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses. The observed results show that the β‐CD polymer/clay nanocomposites (β‐CD–ECH polymer/clay) with higher thermal stability than β‐CD–ECH polymer were successfully prepared. The removal of heavy metals such as Cu(II), Zn(II) and Co(II) ions from drinking water was studied using a batch method at ambient temperature. The removal percentage and distribution coefficients (Kd) were determined for the adsorption system. It was found that the β‐CD–ECH polymer/clay nanocomposites showed higher removal capacity for Co²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions in comparison with β‐CD–ECH polymer. The selectivity order could be given as Zn²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Co²⁺. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

巯基膨润土的制备工艺及性能

为了简化巯基膨润土(Bent-SH)的制备工艺、降低制备成本以便于实际应用,用3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)与硅酸钠协同改性膨润土(Bent)。 优化了Bent-SH的工艺条件、表征了Bent-SH的结构、测定了Bent-SH的性能。 最佳制备工艺为:Bent与MPS的用量比为1∶0.05(g/mL);m(Na₂SiO₃)∶m(Bent)=7.0∶100;固液比为1∶20(g/mL);改性悬浮液的最佳pH值为8.0～10.0;改性时间为5～6 h,反应温度为室温。 Bent-SH较Bent胶质价、膨胀倍和阳离子交换容量均有所下降,但Bent-SH对镉的饱和吸附容量为20.86 mg/g,比Bent提高了20多倍。 硅酸钠和MPS协同改性没有改变Bent层状结构,而显著增强了Bent-SH的疏水性,分散性及对镉的吸附容量和吸附选择性。 Bent-SH是一种具有应用前景的重金属污染土壤的钝化剂。     

Synthesis of a Cationic Polymer-Bentonite Composite Utilizing a Simple and Green Process for the Adsorption of Acid Orange 7 from Aqueous Solution

A one-step, green process is reported for synthesis of poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC) modified bentonite (Bent-PMETAC). The Bent-PMETAC was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that large amounts of PMETAC were successfully grafted on the surface and interlayers of bentonite, and changed the Zeta potential of the sample from negative to positive. Acid Orange 7 (AO 7), as adsorbate, was used to test the anionic dye adsorption of the samples. The batch adsorption results implied that this novel Bent-PMETAC adsorbent exhibited a much higher removal (95%) of AO 7 than bentonite (10%). In addition, the adsorption process was hardly influenced by pH, which is in good agreement with the results of the Zeta potential analysis. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms and the adsorption kinetics of AO 7 fitted well to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of AO 7 onto Bent-PMETAC was 208.6?mg·g^?1 at 298?K, which is much higher than for most other materials. Overall, the results indicated the Bent-PMETAC is a low-cost, simple synthesis and highly efficient adsorbent for anionic dye removal from aqueous solutions.     

天然膨润土负载纳米铁的制备及其对阿莫西林的降解性能

采用液相还原法制备膨润土负载纳米铁（B-nZVI）用于降解水体中的阿莫西林（AMX）.通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、BET等表征手段,对其微观结构和B-nZVI与阿莫西林反应前后进行了表征,还进行了其对阿莫西林的降解实验.研究表明,制成的B-nZVI材料中的纳米铁多数以30～90nm球形颗粒为主,均匀地分散在膨润土中,从而提高了纳米铁的反应活性,对阿莫西林的去除率要比单独使用纳米铁（nZVI）高,其降解过程符合表观一级反应动力学.基于表征和降解动力学的依据,B-nZVI对阿莫西林的可能降解机理是内酰胺键被零价铁还原作用而打开.