旋转滑动弧氩等离子体裂解甲烷制氢

采用切向气流和磁场协同驱动的旋转滑动弧氩等离子体,先通过光谱分析法计算了其电子温度和电子密度,了解其物理特性,将其应用于甲烷裂解制氢,研究了进气流量和CH_4/Ar比对反应效果的影响。结果表明,该滑动弧系统电子温度为1.0-2.0 e V,电子密度高达1015cm~(-3),是介于热与低温等离子体之间的一种等离子体形式,具有独特的物理特性,可以在达到较高反应效率的同时,保持较大的处理量;在CH_4裂解制氢实验中,CH_4转化率可达22.1%-70.2%,并随进气流量和CH_4/Ar比的增大均逐渐降低;H_2选择性为21.2%-61.2%,并随进气流量的增大先基本不变后有所增大,随CH_4/Ar比的增大逐渐降低;与应用于甲烷裂解的不同形式的低温等离子体对比(如微波、射频、介质阻挡放电等)可以发现,旋转滑动弧在获得较高甲烷转化率、较高H_2选择性和较低制氢能耗的同时,还可以保持较大的处理量,即进气流量可达6-20 L/min。     

Energy spectrum of multi-radiation of X-rays in a low energy Mather-type plasma focus device

The multi-radiation of X-rays was investigated with special attention to their energy spectrum in a Mather-type plasma focus device （operated with argon gas）. The analysis is based on the effect of anomalous resistances. To study the energy spectrum, a four-channel diode X-ray spectrometer was used along with a special set of filters. The filters were suitable for detection of medium range X-rays as well as hard X-rays with energy exceeding 30 keV. The results indicate that the anomalous resistivity effect during the post pinch phase may cause multi-radiation of X-rays with a total duration of 300 ± 50 ns. The significant contribution of Cu-Kα was due to the medium range X-rays, nonetheless, hard X-rays with energies greater than 15 keV also participate in the process. The total emitted X-ray energy in the forms of Cu-K and Cu-K/3 was around 0.14 ± 0.02 （J/Sr） and 0.04 ±0.01 （J/Sr）, respectively. The total energy of the emitted hard X-ray （〉 15 keV） was around 0.12± 0.02 （J/Sr）.     

蒸汽锅炉与热水锅炉水中元素变化比较分析

以电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定蒸汽锅炉与热水锅炉水中9种元素含量变化。方法的回收率在90.0%—02.6%之间,相对标准偏差0.87%—3.12%。实验证明锅炉进水中含量最高的元素是钙、钠和镁。经过蒸汽锅炉和热水锅炉处理后,水中的微量元素发生了显著变化,且蒸汽锅炉和热水锅炉中的水质也有一定的差异。     

拓朴绝缘体研究的新进展

美国普林斯顿大学的一个研究组于2010年7月15日在《自然》（Nature466，343～34615 July 2010）杂志上面发表题为《拓扑表面态穿越表面障碍》（ Transmission of topological surface states through surface barriers）的文章．在文章中他们用可靠的实验数据给出了拓扑表面态穿越单晶锑材料原子尺度阶梯状表面障碍的传播规律，为研究拓扑绝缘材料的性质做出了重要的贡献．     

不同壁面结构与传热情形下低温壁面结霜特性

壁面结霜致使低温换热设备传热性能下降,甚而产生设备安全和生产安全问题。通过实验研究了涂覆疏水涂料壁面结构的结霜特性,不同倾斜角度壁面的水滴凝结与滑落特性,以及添置了太阳能吸热膜的表面传热特性。结果表明:涂有疏水材料的壁面较普通壁面初始结霜时间能延迟约10分钟;一定的壁面倾斜角度通过影响水滴的滚动角,促进凝结的水滴滑落,可阻碍霜层生长;当换热壁面利用太阳能吸热膜对低温壁面进行补热时,吸热量为5.27J/cm2,为普通壁面的1.44倍。这些改进措施可以减少冷壁面结霜量,有助于提升低温设备传热效果。     

Theoretical Analysis of Interference Nanolithography of Surface Plasmon Polaritons without a Match Layer

Interference nanolithography techniques based on long-range surface plasmon polaritons （LR-SPP） are hardly ever achieved by experiments at present. One key reason is that suitable liquid materials are difflcult to find as the match layer connects the metal film and the resist. We redesign a Kretschmann-Raether structure for interference lithography. A polymer layer is coated under the metal film, and an air layer is placed between the polymer layer and the resist layer. This design not only avoids the above-mentioned question of the match layer, but also can form a soft contact between the polymer layer and the resist layer and can protect the exposure pattern. Simulation results confirm that a device with an appropriately thick polymer layer can form high intensity and contrast interference fringes with a critical dimension of about λ/7 in the resist. In addition, the fabrication of the device is very easy.     

Surface solitons supported by one-dimensional composite Bessel optical lattices

We address the existence of surface solitons at an interface in a defocusing cubic medium with an imprinted one-dimensional （1D） composite Bessel optical lattice. This setting is composed of two Bessel lattices with different orders and different modulation depths, separated beside both sides of an interface. Stability analysis and numerical propagation simulations prove that solitons supported by the model are dynamically stable in the entire domain of their existence. The order of lattice determines the shape of soliton, and the amplitude of soliton depends on the lattice modulation depth. The experimental realization of the scheme is also proposed. Our results may provide another effective way of controlling the shapes of surface solitons and thus their evolutions by introducing a new freedom degree.     

The spreading behaviour of perfluoropolyether droplets on solid surfaces

The spread of perfluoropolyether （PFPE） droplets on solid surfaces has been measured from the top-down view through a microscope system. Effects of substrates, molecular weight and end-group functionality on spreading of the PFPE droplets have been studied experimentally and the results were compared with those by molecular dynamics （MD） simulations. Silicon wafer and diamond-like carbon （DLC） substrates were used to study the effect of substrates on spreading. Two types of PFPE, Z-dol and Z-tetraol, with the same chain structure and various molecular weights （2000 and 4000 g/mol） were employed in experiments. Effect of molecular weight has been investigated through comparing the spreading of Z-dol 2000 and Z-dol 4000, and it is found that the increase of molecular weight will decrease the mobility of PFPE. Comparison between spreading of Z-dol and Z-tetraol of the same molecular weight proved that functional end group plays a significant role on the spreading of PFPE, which confirmed the MD simulation results.     

The effect of configuration complex on dielectronic recombination process in highly ionized plasmas

This paper analyses the effect of configuration complex on dielectronic recombination （DR） process in highly ionized plasmas （Xe^26＋, Dy^38＋, W^46＋） by using the multiconfiguration relativistic Hartree-Fock method. Resonant and nonresonant radiative stabilizing transitions and decays to autoionizing levels followed by radiative cascades are included. Collisional transitions following electron capture are neglected. The remarkable difference between the isoelectronic trend of the rate coefficients for DR through 3d^94l4l′ and through 3d^94l5l′ is emphasized. The trend of DR through 3d^94l4l′ shows irregularities at relatively low temperature due to the progressive closing of DR channels as atomic number Z increases.