Effects of acid etching on the structure of PtNi catalyst and total exposed active sites

The integration technology of hydrogen preparation–hydrogen storage not only can utilize hydrogen energy efficiently but also can improve the selectivity of the electrode maximally. In the present work, the structure and composition of the PtNi catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD); and its electrochemical properties, morphology, and surface binding energy were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear scanning voltammetry (LSV), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The effects of different acid etching treatments (e.g., etching time, etchant concentration, and etching temperature) on the structure and surface active sites were investigated by the orthogonal experiment. The experimental results reveal that after etching with 0.5 mol/L of perchloric acid for 0.5 h at 60°C, the electrode weight loss of the PtNi catalyst is mainly attributed to the large loss of Ni atoms in film layer. This results in the reduced alloy phase in film layer and the appearance of Pt characteristic diffraction peak. The relative content of Pt on the surface of the film electrode increases significantly, and the total number of active sites also increases correspondingly. The binding energy of Pt4f_7/2 decreases by 0.19 eV, and the number of active sites involved in hydrogen release decreases, indicative of the reduced promotion effect of the PtNi catalyst on hydrogen release.     

Synthesis and surface properties of novel fluorinated polyurethane base on F‐containing chain extender

A novel fluorinated chain extender, (1‐(ethyl(2‐hydroxyethyl)amino)‐3‐ ((3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐tridecafluorooctyl)oxy)propan‐2‐ol) (FPO), was synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and elemental analysis. Poly (ether urethane)s containing various amounts of the chain extender with fluorinated side chains (FPUs) were prepared by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polytetra‐methylene‐ether‐glycol (PTMG), 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH‐550), and 1,4‐butandiol (BDO). Films of FPUs were investigated by water absorption, contact angle, pencil hardness, adhesive force, and thermal analysis. Coating FPUs on micro‐nano concave‐convex structure plate realizes superhydrophobic performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated that there is a lot of irregular concave‐convex structure, which forms a typical air cushion model. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that surface fluorine content is 165% more than that of film average fluorine content. The superhydrophobic plate with 10% or higher F‐containing FPUs coating is of outstanding chemical corrosion resistance, excellent solvent resistance, and wear resistance.     

混凝土搅拌车搅拌筒磨损数值分析

混凝土运输过程中搅拌筒的磨损一直是一种常见潜在危害,磨损严重时会导致叶片失效,对搅拌的质量和出料匀质性产生影响。通过实验获取搅拌筒内部的磨损费时费力,因此有必要采取一种数值分析方法对搅拌筒的磨损进行预测并提出改进。本文采用摩擦磨损实验的方法来标定颗粒与搅拌筒之间的Archard磨损常数,采用JKR接触模型表征混凝土的流动性能,采用离散元方法(DEM)对搅拌筒筒体及叶片磨损进行预测分析。通过法向接触能量与切向接触能量的对比,证明搅拌筒中的磨损主要为伴有冲击作用的磨粒磨损,搅拌车搅拌筒中搅拌叶片顶部的磨损较为严重。针对磨损比较严重的叶片顶部进行改进,采用T型耐磨结构等改进叶片结构,叶片顶部结构改进后搅拌筒使用寿命能得到明显提升。     

The credit risk+ model with general sector correlations

We consider an enhancement of the credit risk⁺ model to incorporate correlations between sectors. We model the sector default rates as linear combinations of a common set of independent variables that represent macro-economic variables or risk factors. We also derive the formula for exact VaR contributions at the obligor level.     

Influence of magnetic powders on the tribological performance of a novel magnetic brake material

By adding magnetic powders into matrix material, it has been proved to be a creative approach to improve tribological properties of brake materials. In this paper, a novel magnetic brake material with Nd–Fe–B and nano-Fe₃O₄ was developed, and the influential mechanism of these two magnetic powders and their content on the friction and wear performance was deeply discussed. Firstly, some experiments were carried out to investigate the tribological performance and influential mechanisms of four groups of brake pad samples with different magnetic powders. Furthermore, based on these results, further experiments for investigating the influence that Nd–Fe–B contents have on the tribological properties were conducted. According to the theoretical analysis about experiments, it was concluded that nano-Fe₃O₄ is beneficial to promote the formation of friction film and has certain lubricant effects. However, Nd–Fe–B has double effects on the formation of friction film. It will have positive effects when its content is less than a certain value. Otherwise, it will destroy the structure of friction film. Conclusively, it is believed that this study will be significantly valuable and meaningful for developing new brake materials and improving safety reliability of mechanical brakes.     

Flattened chromatic dispersion in square photonic crystal fibers with low confinement losses

This research presents a simple index-guiding square photonic crystal fibers (SPCFs) that has a silica core surrounded by air hole with two different diameters. It is demonstrated that the designed two-different-size hole-arrayed index-guiding SPCFs has a ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion of 0 ± 0.9 ps/(nm·km) in a wavelength range of 1.34 to 1.61 μm and low confinement loss of less than 10⁻⁷ dB/m in a wavelength range of 1.2 to 1.7 μm. It has also been shown that the proposed SPCFs show reasonable dispersion tolerance.     

基于摩擦磨损的KDP晶体固结磨料抛光垫优化

本文通过固结磨料球与KDP晶体对磨的单因素试验探究固结磨料球中反应物种类、磨粒浓度、反应物浓度、基体硬度对摩擦系数、磨痕截面积和磨痕处粗糙度的影响,试验结果表明:KHCO₃固结磨料球对磨后磨痕对称性好,磨痕处的粗糙度值低;磨痕截面积随磨粒和反应物浓度的增加而增大,随基体硬度的增大而降低;磨痕处粗糙度随磨粒和反应物浓度的增加先降低后上升,随基体硬度的增大先上升后降低;摩擦系数受磨粒和反应物浓度影响不明显,随基体硬度的增大而降低。选择KHCO₃作为反应物,Ⅰ基体,磨粒浓度为基体质量的100%,反应物浓度为15%制备固结磨料球与KDP晶体对磨后的磨痕轮廓对称度好且磨痕处粗糙度值低,以该组分制备固结磨料垫干式抛光KDP晶体,可实现晶体表面粗糙度Sa值为18.50 nm,材料去除率为130 nm/min的高效精密加工。     

S波段直线对撞机中具有膜片涂层加速腔的高功率实验(英文)

加速管中的高次模（HOM）能导至累积束流崩溃，因此这些模式必须被抑制．在S波段直线对撞机中（SBLC），采用了在束流孔膜片上复盖适当的损耗材料的方式．HOM的Q值被减小了5倍，而基模的Q值几乎保持不变．3种材料被考虑，即：stainlesssteel，kanthal和galvedc为了对具有这种涂层的加速腔进行高功率测试，一个两腔的谐振器结构被设计．本文描述了高功率测试的原理，过程以及初步的结果．     

存在偏振相关损失条件下偏振模色散的特点

偏振模色散和偏振相关损失的联合作用，会产生不规则的色散现象，这一点不能直接通过琼斯距阵本征分析法的运用进行描述。由此引出了对偏振模色散和偏振相关损失共存条件下的研究。通过对琼斯本征分析法进行修正，来分析存在偏振相关损失条件下偏振模色散的特征距阵，理论分析表明，由于偏振相关损失的影响，即使在忽略差分损耗频率相关性的条件下，偏振模色散的特征距阵也会产生根本性的变化。     

光纤弯曲损耗特性的理论与实验研究

为了减小在长距离光纤通信中存在的弯曲损耗和利用光纤激光器中的弯曲损耗获得单模输出，利用速度法解释了光纤弯曲损耗机制，采用Marcuse理论研究了弯曲损耗随弯曲半径、波长和纤芯半径变化的关系。通过计算机仿真和实验得出弯曲损耗随弯曲半径的减小而增大，随波长的增大而增大，随纤芯半径的增大而增大，高阶模式的损耗大于低阶模式。利用这一结论就可以通过控制弯曲半径在临界半径以内来减小通信中的弯曲损耗，通过增大模场半径来实现光纤激光器中的单模输出。