Oil-in-water analysis using supercritical fluid extraction interfaced with fixed wavelength infrared detection

The combination of a direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction system interfaced to a fixed wavelength infrared detector; measuring CH₂ (ν_asymmetric) absorbance at 2930 cm^?1, has been successfully developed for the analysis of oil-in-water. Using an optional, in-line silica gel treatment procedure, method accuracy for determining Brent Delta crude oil in spiked 500 mL water samples was 92.0% to 94.5% with RSD 4.7% to 6.5%. The supercritical fluid extraction-infrared method enables a second analysis of the same water sample without silica gel treatment. For second sets of analyses without silica gel treatment, method accuracy for determining Brent Delta crude oil in spiked 500 mL water samples was 87% to 96.0% with RSD 7.5% to 9.5%. Results of this study indicate that the silica gel treatment procedure reduces the calculated level of Brent Delta crude oil-in-water by 6.6–12.4% relative to samples analysed without silica gel treatment. The results of a study involving Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicate a limit of detection for n-decane of approximately 0.5 mg L^?1 by measuring CH₂ (ν_asymmetric) absorbance using the supercritical fluid extraction-infrared method. Sample preparation using direct aqueous supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction provides an indefinite means for the use of infrared techniques to measure oil-in-water.     

Waveguide sub‐wavelength structures: a review of principles and applications

Periodic structures with a sub‐wavelength pitch have been known since Hertz conducted his first experiments on the polarization of electromagnetic waves. While the use of these structures in waveguide optics was proposed in the 1990s, it has been with the more recent developments of silicon photonics and high‐precision lithography techniques that sub‐wavelength structures have found widespread application in the field of photonics. This review first provides an introduction to the physics of sub‐wavelength structures. An overview of the applications of sub‐wavelength structures is then given including: anti‐reflective coatings, polarization rotators, high‐efficiency fiber–chip couplers, spectrometers, high‐reflectivity mirrors, athermal waveguides, multimode interference couplers, and dispersion engineered, ultra‐broadband waveguide couplers among others. Particular attention is paid to providing insight into the design strategies for these devices. The concluding remarks provide an outlook on the future development of sub‐wavelength structures and their impact in photonics.

     

Prediction of emission wavelengths of phosphorescent NHC based emitters for OLEDs

Some years ago we developed a general method for the prediction of the emission wavelengths for cyclometalated NHC complexes. We intentionally used a standard DFT functional with a moderate double-zeta basis set (B3LYP/6-31G*) to be able to use this method for fast screening. Since then we have synthetized a wide variety of different ligand motifs, which are far beyond the initial scope. We herein report the results obtained using our method on recently synthesized complexes, including, e.g. bimetallic systems. The predicted wavelengths of the emission are in an excellent agreement with the measured experimental values. We report the results for thirty-four complexes with different electronic and steric properties. For the majority of the systems the differences between experimentally determined and predicted values are within 10 nm.     

光纤延迟线和可调谐波长转换器在光分组交换网络竞争解决结构中的性能分析

研究了光分组交换网络中的两种竞争解决方案.结合课题研究的进展,基于突发和非突发业务,对这两种竞争处理结构进行了深入分析,得出了几点重要结论,首先,在竞争处理上,对于非突发业务,光纤延迟线比可调谐波长转换器有效;而对于突发业务而言,可调谐波长转换器比光纤延迟线有效.其次,在突发业务下反馈式光纤延迟线结构（FFA）是一种较为理想的竞争解决结构,但对非突发业务而言,反馈式光纤延迟线和可调谐波长转换器结构（FFTA）在成本上和结构尺寸上比FFA要有效的多.随着平均突发长度的增加,FFTA中的可调谐波长转换器数目也要增加才能获得合理的分组丢失率。但无论是针对突发业务还是非突发业务,FFTA都是一种成本有效的竞争解决结构.     

重金属铜胁迫下玉米的光谱特征及监测研究

农作物重金属污染监测是当今高光谱遥感研究的重要内容之一,旨在设计一种新的窄带植被指数,以实现不同培育期的两种玉米品种的重金属铜胁迫监测。研究设计了不同浓度的铜污染实验,采用SVCHR-1024I型高性能地物光谱仪测量不同浓度铜离子（Cu2+）胁迫下玉米叶片的光谱反射率,并同步获取了玉米叶片中Cu2+含量数据。首先,对玉米叶片原始光谱数据进行一阶差分处理,并计算一阶差分反射率与叶片中Cu2+含量的相关系数（r）,筛选对铜胁迫敏感的波段。计算结果显示,489~497,632和677 nm波长附近的一阶差分反射率与叶片中Cu2+含量显著相关,可将其视为敏感波段。其次,根据以上3个敏感波段,建立基于一阶差分反射率的铜胁迫植被指数（dVI）。对所有可能的dVIs和Cu2+含量进行一元回归分析,并采用决定系数（R2）和均方根误差（RMSE）对回归结果进行评估,以筛选最佳指数。最后,采用不同生长年份的玉米实验数据对敏感波段的稳定性及dVI的适用性进行了验证评估;同时,通过与归一化植被指数（NDVI）、红边叶绿素指数（CI_red-edge）、红边位置（REP）、光化学反射指数(PRI)等常规重金属胁迫植被指数进行应用比较,证明dVI更具有优越性。结果表明：一阶差分处理后,在450~500,630~680和677 nm波长处的叶片反射率与Cu2+含量的相关系数明显增大。基于一阶差分反射率的特征波段具有稳定性,对于不同生长年份的玉米叶片数据,特征波段的波长位置不变。一元回归分析结果表明,结合497,632和677 nm波长的一阶差分反射率的指数与Cu2+含量具有显著的相关性,对于不同生长年份的2种玉米品种数据集,R2都高达0.75以上。另外,与常规植被指数比较结果表明,该研究所提出的dVI具有更好的鲁棒性及有效性,可为冠层尺度的重金属胁迫监测提供理论基础。     

Design of Simple Wavelength or Polarization Filter/Combiner

We present an analytical and numerical analysis of a simple wavelength or polarization filter/combiner constructed from three single-mode rectangular waveguides. The device has the advantage of easy fabrication using existing planar light guide techniques and can be designed to discriminate between optical signals with distinct polarizations at a given wavelength or between signals at a fixed polarization with a wavelength separation of 9~nm or more. It is therefore well suited for CWDM metro-communication, local area network, sensor, or control applications.     

同步荧光光谱法测定水中痕量萘和菲

同步荧光法具有选择性好、灵敏度高、干扰少等特点,可用于多组分多环芳烃混合物的同时测定,本文建立了恒定波长同步荧光光谱法同时测定水中萘和菲的新方法。研究了萘和菲在不同溶剂中的荧光光谱特性,确定了同步荧光的最优波长差。当Δλ=100 nm,萘和菲激发波长(λ_ex)分别为220.2和248.8 nm时,在0.5～25.0 μg·L-1浓度范围内,荧光强度与浓度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.999 5和0.999 7;萘和菲检出限均低于0.03 μg·L-1,回收率在98.0%～101.5%。该方法方便快捷,预处理简单,可用于水中萘、菲的快速测定。     

Integrated all‐optical switch with 10 ps time resolution enabled by ALD

Abstract The potential of GaAs‐based photonic crystals for fast all‐optical switching in the telecom spectral range is exploited by controlling the surface recombination and, thereby, the carrier relaxation dynamics. The structure is entirely coated with a layer of aluminium oxide using atomic layer deposition. This results in a carrier lifetime of about 10 ps, as determined by spectrally resolved pump–probe measurements. We show that the nonlinear response of the resonator is optimized when it is excited with a few‐picoseconds pulse. This dynamics is perfectly captured by our model accounting for the carrier diffusion with an impulse response function. Moreover, the suppression of photo‐induced oxidation is revealed to be crucial to demonstrate all‐optical operation at GHz rates with average coupled pump power of 0.5 mW (hence 100 fJ/bit). The switching window is 12 ps wide (1/e), as resolved by homodyne pump–probe measurements. The devices respond to a sequence of closely spaced pump pulses demonstrating a gating window close to 10 ps, with a contrast as high as 7 dB.

     

光电阵列探测器对色散型光谱仪的光谱分辨极限及波长准确性的影响

针对光电阵列探测器对色散型光谱仪的光谱分辨极限和波长准确性可能造成的不利影响 ,分别从空域和频域两方面分析了阵列探测器的光敏元中心距、谱线的宽度及谱线与光敏元的相对位置对分辨极限及波长准确性的影响 ,并通过计算机模拟定量地给出了在不同情况下其分辨极限和波长准确性的大小 ,得出了高斯型谱线的宽度小于光敏元中心距的 5倍时 ,光谱仪系统不能同时提高其光谱分辨极限和波长准确性的结论。