Thermal loading induced near-infrared broadband upconversion emission of Sm-doped β-NaYbF4 nano-phosphors

A non-closed hydrothermal synthetic processing is improved to synthesize Sm³⁺ doped β-NaYbF₄ nano-phosphors at 98 °C without any high-temperature and high-pressure treatments as a final step. Novel green, red, and near-infrared broadband (799-873 nm) upconversion emissions of Sm³⁺-doped β-NaYbF₄ nano-phosphors under 980 nm excitation are observed. These UC emissions can be assigned to the Sm³⁺ transitions of ⁴G_J, ⁴F_3/2 and ⁶F_11/2→⁶H_J. The half-width of 873 nm emission band is broadened nearly two-fold through the annealing treatment for nano-phosphors. The upconversion process in Yb³⁺-Sm³⁺ system is discussed based on energy transfer mechanisms.     

Electromechanical cracking in ferroelectrics driven by large scale domain switching

Experimental results indicate three regimes for cracking in a ferroelectric double cantilever beam (DCB) under combined electromechanical loading. In the loading, the maximum amplitude of the applied electric field reaches almost twice the coercive field of ferroelectrics. Thus, the model of small scale domain switching is not applicable any more, which is dictated only by the singular term of the crack tip field. In the DCB test, a large or global scale domain switching takes place instead, which is driven...     

Electrical and thermal properties of lead titanate glass ceramics

Glass samples with composition of (50−X)PbO-(25+X)TiO₂-25B₂O₃ (where X=0, 5, 10 and 12.5 mol%) were prepared using conventional quenching technique. The glass transition temperature, T_g and crystallization temperature T_c were determined from the DTA. These glass samples were converted to glass ceramics by following two stage heat treatment schedule. The glass ceramic samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and dielectric constant measurements. The XRD results revealed the formation of ferroelectric lead titanate (PT) as a major crystalline phase in the glass ceramics. The density increases and the CTE decreases for all glass ceramics with increase in X (mol%). This may be attributed to increase in PT phase. The SEM results which show rounded crystallites of lead titanate, also supports other results. Hysteresis loops observed at room temperature confirms the ferroelectric nature of glass ceramics. The optimized glass ceramic sample exhibits high dielectric constant which is of technical importance.     

Correlation between microstructure and property of electroless deposited Pt counter electrodes on plastic substrate for dye-sensitized solar cells

Flexible Pt counter electrodes (CEs) were prepared on indium-doped tin oxide coated polyethylene naphthalate (ITO-PEN) substrate by electroless deposition. The correlation between the microstructure and the property of the Pt CEs was investigated. Results showed that isolated Pt nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on the ITO surface at a short deposition duration, and then grew with the deposition duration, leading to the interconnection of adjacent Pt nanoparticles. The interconnection of Pt nanoparticles was beneficial to the electrical property of the Pt CEs, while it was unfavorable to the electrocatalytic property of the Pt CEs. A microstructure model was proposed to explain the correlation between the microstructure and the property of the Pt CEs. In addition, the Pt CEs showed low charge transfer resistance (1.66-0.58 Ω cm²), which was comparable to that (1.16 Ω cm²) of the conventional sputtered Pt CE. The high electrocatalytic property of the electroless deposited Pt CEs makes the assembled DSCs present comparable energy conversion efficiency of the DSCs using sputtered Pt CE.     

基于不完全偏好信息的多阶段应急群决策方法

针对灾害事件的多阶段演化特征,研究多阶段应急群决策方法。在复杂的决策环境下,为了解决决策专家难以对应急方案进行准确评价的问题,允许专家以残缺精确数与残缺模糊数判断矩阵给出偏好信息;而且,多阶段应急群决策模型通过构建目标规划模型对决策专家进行分阶段赋权,并解得各决策阶段下群体的方案偏好,最后通过求解决策阶段权重,获取全局群体偏好最优解。应用于危险化学品液态苯泄漏的应急处置案例验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

Global asymptotic stability of a two species competitive system with stage structure and harvesting

Introduction' There have recently appeared in the literature several mathematical models of stagestructured population growth, i. e., models which take into account the faCt that individuals in a population may belong to one of two classes, the immatures and the matureslllZI.Cannibalism has been observed in a great variety of species, including a number of fish species.Cannibalism models of various types have also been investigatedI3"l. In these models, the ageto maturity is represented by a…     

Optimal Harvesting and Stability for a Predator-prey System with Stage Structure

The dynamics of a predator-prey system, where prey population has two stages, an immature stage and a mature stage with harvesting, the growth of predator population is of Lotka-Volterra nature, are modelled by a system of retarded functional differential equations. We obtain conditions for global asymptotic stability of three nonnegative equilibria and a threshold of harvesting for the mature prey population. The effect of delay on the population at positive equilibrium and the optimal harvesting of the mature prey population are also considered.     

Toughness and failure of heat resistant steel before and after hydrogenation

Fracture toughness of heat-resistant steel can be increased by a preliminary thermomechanical loading called warm pre-stressing (WPS). The procedure creates a plastic deformed area around the crack tip and hence allows larger service loads to be tolerated by the cracked specimen. It is shown that a hydrogenation in the preloading stage decreases the fracture toughness of material.Investigations are also presented of the applicability of physical and mechanical approaches for the prediction of cleavage stress of materials after preliminary plastic deformation (PPD) effects and hydrogenation. Different schemes of the plastic deformation and influence of hydrogenation are considered in the preloading stage to provide different levels cleavage stress of steel 15Kh2MFA.     

Computing stable loads for pallets

This paper describes an Integer Programming model for generating stable loading patterns for the Pallet Loading Problem under several stability criteria. The results obtained during evaluation show great improvement in the number of stable patterns in comparison with results reported earlier. Moreover, most of the solved cases also ensure optimality in terms of utilization of a pallet.     

Elastodynamic analysis of a thin layer bonded on a visco-elastic medium under combined in-plane and lateral pulse loads

An analytic solution of a thin layer bonded on a visco-elastic medium under the action of in-plane and lateral pulse loads is presented. The analysis is based on double integral transforms with respect to space and time. Representative examples are studied and discussed to determine the influence of the (a) damping and elastic coefficients of visco-elastic medium, and (b) in-plane compression and stretching of the thin layer on wave propagation.