Optimal Harvesting and Stability for a Predator-prey System with Stage Structure

The dynamics of a predator-prey system, where prey population has two stages, an immature stage and a mature stage with harvesting, the growth of predator population is of Lotka-Volterra nature, are modelled by a system of retarded functional differential equations. We obtain conditions for global asymptotic stability of three nonnegative equilibria and a threshold of harvesting for the mature prey population. The effect of delay on the population at positive equilibrium and the optimal harvesting of the mature prey population are also considered.     

A PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM WITH STAGE STRUCTURE AND HARVESTING FOR PREDATOR

In this paper, we consider a predator-prey system with stage structure and harvesting (where the predator population has two stages, an immature stage and a mature stage with harvesting, and the growth of the prey population is of Lotka-Volterra nature). We obtain the conditions of the globally asymptotic stability for three nonne-gative equilibria of this system.     

基于年龄结构的种群系统的最优收获控制

研究一类带年龄结构的非线性种群系统的最优收获问题.建立单种群阶段结构模型,对成年、幼年种群同时捕获,得到了单种群阶段结构模型在正平衡点渐近稳定的充分条件;并给出了脉冲控制时间间隔的上界估计值.分别对其幼年种群和成年种群捕获问题,给出以最大捕获可持续均衡收获(M SY)为目标的最优捕获策略.     

具有年龄结构的单种群模型的脉冲控制及其捕获策略

给出单种群阶段结构模型,利用脉冲微分方程的比较原理,通过状态反馈和输出反馈对模型变换后的系统进行了脉冲控制.对成年、幼年种群同时捕获,通过状态反馈,得到了单种群阶段结构模型在正平衡点渐近稳定的充分条件;通过输出反馈得到了相应的结论;并给出了脉冲控制时间间隔的上界估计值.分别对其幼年种群和成年种群捕获问题,给出以最大捕获可持续均衡收获(MSY)为目标的最优捕获策略.     

Global attractivity of nonautonomous stage-structured population models with dispersal and harvest

The nonautonomous stage-structured single-species dispersal model with harvesting of mature individuals in an N-patch environment is considered, in which the individual members of the population have a life history that takes them through two stages, immature and mature. By using the theory of monotone and concave operators to functional differential equations, we establish conditions under which this population dynamical system admits a positive periodic solution which attracts all positive solutions.     

Positive Periodic Solution and Numerical Optimization in the Harvesting Effort for a Single-Species Stage-Structured System with Birth Pulses

In this paper, we consider a single-species stage-structured model with birth pulses and the harvesting of the species. Especially, we assume that the species can be divided into the immature and the mature, which exhibit different death rates. The mature species reproduces at fixed moments each year because the birth of many species is seasonal or occurs in a regular pulse, and the species is harvested not during the whole year but during a single period of the year. For such a system, we obtain conditions which guarantee the existence of a stable positive periodic solution. This implies that sustainable exploitation of the species can be maintained if we use the proper strategy in the harvesting effort and timing. Further, in order to get the maximum annual sustainable yield, we optimize the harvesting using numerical analysis; in addition, we find that the harvesting timing affects the maximum annual sustainable yield. Lastly, we show the effects of birth rate and harvesting effort on the dynamical complexity of the system with the help of a bifurcation graph.     

Stable coexistence mediated by specialist harvesting in a two zooplankton–phytoplankton system

This paper deals with a predator–prey model with specialist harvesting, representing a two predators (Zooplankton) and one resource (Phytoplankton) system. First, the existence and stability of equilibria is analyzed both from local and global point of view. Our results indicate that a specialist harvesting which is discriminate may mediate the coexistence of the two zooplankton species which competitively exclude each other in absence harvesting. Although in most cases increasing harvesting reduces the two zooplankton species numbers, when harvesting leads to coexistence, it may also lead to increase the two zooplankton species numbers. Furthermore, to protect fish population from over exploitation a control instrument tax is imposed. The problem of optimal taxation policy is then solved by using Pontryagin’s maximal principle. It is established that the zero discounting leads to the maximization of the net economic revenue to the society and an infinite discount rate leads to complete dissipation of the net economic revenue to the society. Finally, the impact of harvesting is mentioned along with numerical results to provide some support to the analytical findings.     

OPTIMAL IMPULSIVE CONTROL IN COMPETITIVE SYSTEM

In this paper,the impulsive exploitation of two species periodic competitive system is considered.First,we show that this type of system with impulsive har- vesting has a unique positive periodic solution,which is globally asymptotically stable.Further,by choosing the maximum total revenues as the management objective,we investigate the optimal harvesting policies for periodic competi- tive system with impulsive harvesting.Finally,we obtain the optimal time to harvest and optimal population level.     

连续收获捕食者与脉冲存放食饵的阶段结构捕食-食饵模型的全局吸引和一致持久

研究了一个捕食者具连续收获与食饵具脉冲存放的阶段结构时滞捕食-食饵模型．根据生物资源管理的实际,改进了捕食者具阶段结构的捕食-食饵模型,即原来假设每个捕食者个体都具有相同的捕食食饵的能力．假设捕食者按年龄分为两个阶段,即幼体和成体,而且幼体无能力捕食食饵．得到了捕食者灭绝周期解全局吸引和系统持久的充分条件．结论说明了脉冲存放食饵对系统的持久起了重要的作用,并且为生物资源管理提供了策略基础．数值分析也进一步说明了系统的动力学性质．     

Optimal pulse fishing policy in stage-structured models with birth pulses

In this paper, we propose exploited models with stage structure for the dynamics in a fish population for which periodic birth pulse and pulse fishing occur at different fixed time. Using the stroboscopic map, we obtain an exact cycle of system, and obtain the threshold conditions for its stability. Bifurcation diagrams are constructed with the birth rate (or pulse fishing time or harvesting effort) as the bifurcation parameter, and these are observed to display complex dynamic behaviors, including chaotic bands with period windows, period-doubling, multi-period-halving and incomplete period-doubling bifurcation, pitch-fork and tangent bifurcation, non-unique dynamics (meaning that several attractors or attractor and chaos coexist) and attractor crisis. This suggests that birth pulse and pulse fishing provide a natural period or cyclicity that make the dynamical behaviors more complex. Moreover, we show that the pulse fishing has a strong impact on the persistence of the fish population, on the volume of mature fish stock and on the maximum annual-sustainable yield. An interesting result is obtained that, after the birth pulse, the population can sustain much higher harvesting effort if the mature fish is removed as early as possible.     

具有阶段结构的竞争系统的持久性和稳定性

研究带有时滞和成长阶段的两种群竞争模型,第一个种群分成年和幼年两个阶段,第二个种群不具有阶段结构.本文证明了系统正解的有界性;利用比较原理得到了系统永久生存的充分条件;通过构造Lyapunov函数得到了系统全局渐近稳定的充分条件.     

Qualitative analysis and applications of a kind of state-dependent impulsive differential equations

This paper analyzes a certain type of impulsive differential equations (IDEs). Several useful theorems for its periodic solutions and their stabilities are given. The key idea is that a periodically time-dependent IDE can be transformed into the state-dependent IDE. As applications of our theory, the optimization problems in population dynamics are studied. That is, the maximum sustainable yields of single population models with periodically impulsive constant harvesting are discussed. Furthermore, we apply these results to the studies of the order-1 periodic solutions and their stability of a single population model with stage structure in which the mature is impulsively proportionally harvested while the immature is impulsively added with the constant.     

The Stage-structured Predator-Prey System with Delay and Harvesting

In this article, we establish a mathematical model of two species with stage structure and the relation of predator-prey, obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for the permanence of two species and the extinction of one species or two species. We also obtain the optimal harvesting and the threshold of harvesting for the sustainable development and increasing delays can cause a bifurcation into periodic solutions. Finally, we give some numerical results and graphs.     

具有阶段结构的竞争系统中自食的稳定性作用

该文讨论了两种群竞争系统解的动力学行为，其中一种群分幼年，成年两阶段，当不考虑自食时，得到了阶段结构的竞争系统也可以出现三种典型的动力学行为，共存（coexietence)，双稳定（bistability),占优（dominance)，进一步，在没有自食时竞争系统是占优的情形下，考虑自食的影响，得到了所有种群永久持续生存的充分条件，这表明自食有稳定性的作用。     

ON SELECTIVE HARVESTING OF TWO COMPETING FISH SPECIES IN THE PRESENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLUCTUATION

ABSTRACT. The present paper deals with a problem of selective harvesting of two competing fish species in a randomly fluctuating environment. The environmental parameters are assumed to be perturbed by white noise characterized by a Gaussian distribution with mean zero and unit spectral density. The dynamic behavior of the stochastic system is studied and the fluctuations in population are measured both analytically and numerically by computer simulation.     

Asymptotically periodic solution and optimal harvesting policy for Gompertz system

In this paper, the single species modelled by (asymptotically) periodic Gompertz equation is investigated. It is shown that the (asymptotically) periodic system has a unique (asymptotically) periodic solution which is globally asymptotically stable for the positive solution. When the nonautonomous Gompertz equation is subject to harvesting, we study the optimal harvesting policy for the periodic system and obtain the corresponding optimal population level and the maximum sustainable yield. Further, when the functions in the exploited Gompertz system are stably bounded functions, we study the ultimately optimal harvesting policy. By choosing the average limiting maximum sustainable yield as management objective, the corresponding optimal population level is determined.     

Dynamic analysis for a stage-structure competitive system with mature population harvesting

In this paper, a stage-structured model of two-species competitive system with mature population harvesting is formulated. Mathematical analysis of the model equations with regard to invariance of positivity, boundedness of solutions and the conditions for the existence of equilibria is analyzed. The dynamical properties of equilibria are investigated, and conditions of globally asymptotically stable and absolutely stable for the equilibria are obtained.     

Hybrid approach for pest control with impulsive releasing of natural enemies and chemical pesticides: A plant–pest–natural enemy model

The agricultural pests can be controlled effectively by simultaneous use (i.e., hybrid approach) of biological and chemical control methods. Also, many insect natural enemies have two major life stages, immature and mature. According to this biological background, in this paper, we propose a three tropic level plant–pest–natural enemy food chain model with stage structure in natural enemy. Moreover, impulsive releasing of natural enemies and harvesting of pests are also considered. We obtain that the system has two types of periodic solutions: plant–pest-extinction and pest-extinction using stroboscopic maps. The local stability for both periodic solutions is studied using the Floquet theory of the impulsive equation and small amplitude perturbation techniques. The sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of a pest-extinction periodic solution are determined by the comparison technique of impulsive differential equations. We analyze that the global attractivity of a pest-extinction periodic solution and permanence of the system are evidenced by a threshold limit of an impulsive period depending on pulse releasing and harvesting amounts. Finally, numerical simulations are given in support of validation of the theoretical findings.     

互惠系统的最优脉冲捕获

对两种群互惠系统的脉冲捕获问题进行了全面的研究.确定了在被捕获种群达到一定数量时,再进行脉冲捕获的最优捕获策略.这样既维持了种群的生态平衡,又使我们在捕获过程中的获利最大.     

Global stability in a structured population competition model with distributed maturation delay and harvesting

This paper is concerned with a delay differential equation model for the interaction between two species, the adult members of which are in competition, with stage-structure and harvesting of the mature and immature members of each species. The maturation delay for each species is modelled as a distribution, to allow for the possibility that individuals may take a different amount of time to mature. General birth and death rate functions are used. We find that the dynamics of the model depends largely on the birth and death functions, which depend on the total number of adults.We study the dynamics of our model analytically and we present results on the positivity and boundedness of the solutions, and global stability results are established for each equilibrium.