Effect of Rainfall-Induced Soil Seals on the Soil Water Regime: Drying Interval and Subsequent Wetting

The effects of rainfall-induced soil seals on drying processes and on infiltration following drying intervals are simulated for two different soils, a loam and a sandy loam. The simulated drying processes include water content redistribution without evaporation and under a constant evaporation rate of 5 mm day^–1. During evaporation, the water content at the seal surface decreases rapidly. A high water content gradient develops within the seal, which increases along the drying interval. It indicates that, at least during the first hours of drying, the seal layer fulfilled all the evaporation demand and therefore dries faster that an unsealed soil where the evaporation is supplied by a much deeper zone of the soil profile. This phenomenon is more accentuated in the loam than in the sandy loam soil. Considering the subsequent infiltration curves during rainfall following different drying intervals, the ponding time and the post-ponding infiltration rates increase when the antecedent drying period is longer, but no significant effect on the final infiltration is found following drying intervals of few days. Also, the water content at the sealed soil surface before rainfall seems to play a major role on infiltration. Very close infiltration curves were obtained after different drying intervals that ended with similar surface water content.     

磁性流体密封磁场的解耦计算

分析了磁性流体密封中的磁场与力场的耦合问题,采用边界逼近的迭代方法准确计算了磁场分布,进而求出了密封压差,分析了解耦计算与线性计算的差别.结果表明,随着磁性流体磁化强度的提高,解耦计算与线性计算的差别增大.     

迷宫密封转子系统非线性动力稳定性的研究

研究迷宫密封对转子系统动力稳定性的影响，迷宫密封的气动力采用Muszynska非线性力模型，计算了单盘Jeffcott转子非线性动力学特性。对Jacobi矩阵的分析表明，在密封力的影响下，转子达到一定转速后开始失稳，发生Hopf分岔，进入周期涡动状态，涡动幅度随转速的提高而增大，提高到一定程度，密封和转子发生碰摩，采用Runge-Kutta法数值模拟了转子的轴心轨迹。最后分析了迷宫密封的物理和结构参数对系统运动特性的影响。     

磁流体密封水介质的自修复研究

通过磁流体密封水介质试验 ,观察分析了磁流体密封破裂后的修复过程 ,考察了导致磁流体密封破裂的因素对自修复程度的影响 .结果表明 :加压频次越多、密封破裂次数越少、磁场梯度越大、磁极靴的密封齿级数越小、磁极数越多、磁流体补给越充分及修复时间越长 ,则磁流体密封的自修复能力越强 .提高磁流体损耗后的补给程度可以大幅度提高自修复能力 .为了获得较好的自修复效果 ,宜采用多极 -多级密封结构 ,并保证足够的修复时间     

ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING MODEL AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT BEHAVIOR FOR INERTIAL RECIPROCATION MACHINES

Introduction Inertialvibratingmachinesexcitedbytworotatingeccentricweightsarewidelyusedto siftmaterialsinindustriessuchasmine,metallurgy,chemicalindustry,foodstuff,etc.The eccentricweightisgenerallydrivenbyanasynchronouselectromotor,anditssteady state ope…     

压缩机管道系统振动激励的优化研究

本文提出“以管道中流体压力脉动不均匀度为目标函数，以管系各段管长布局为设计变量”的压缩机管道系统振动激励的优化计算模型，采用“ＳＵＭＴ”和“Ｐｏｗｅｌｌ”优化算法，运用小波动理论中的“刚度矩阵法”，建立了目标函数的计算模型；同时，为了缩短优化过程，提高收敛速度；本文针对管系振动激励优化问题，提出优化初值点的一种近似处理方法。通过算例验证，表明计算方法是可靠的，具有工程应用价值，是管系动态优化设计的一个重要方面。     

环状密封转子动力系数的数值计算

本文以Ｈｉｒｓ紊流润滑方程为基础，应用摄动分析法及数值计算获得了有限长环状密封的转子动力系数，模型中考虑了人口预旋的影响。通过与实验及用有限差分法获得的结果比较，证明本文提出的方法具有一定的实用性。     

基于LM-BP神经网络的气阀故障诊断方法

提出一种基于LM（Levenberg-Marquardt）算法优化的 BP (Back Propagation)神经网络的多级往复式压缩机压缩机气阀故障诊断方法。以6M25-185/314氢氮气压缩机的 6级压差和6级温差作为网络的输入向量,建立可对往复式压缩机一至六级气阀故障进行在线监测及故障诊断的LM-BP神经网络模型。以100组故障数据作为网络训练样本,30组数据作为网络检测样本进行故障诊断,结果表明,LM-BP神经网络相比于变梯度BP神经网络和RBF神经网络诊断更快速稳定且准确率达到96%以上。利用Matlab软件平台建立的LM-BP 神经网络故障诊断模型,模型简单便于在工程实际中应用。     

微燃机气封装置的数值模拟

为了将旋转部件与静止部件之间不同压力的空间隔开,微燃机中采用了气封装置以减少泄流量。泄漏流量的大小,以及其对主流的干扰,微燃机设计时必须加以认真考虑。工作时通过间隙而泄漏的流量过大,必然会对其整体效率产生重大影响。通常,在间隙处采用特殊结构来控制泄流量的大小,减少间隙对微燃机总体效率的影响。本文采用三维数值模拟对微燃机压气机与透平之间的间隙流动进行模拟分析,通过不同工况的比较以及对其内部流场进行分析,研究了气封内部流动特性,使得微燃机总体计算可考虑间隙引起的泄流对微燃机总体效率的影响。     

Issues relating to the use of a 61.5 dB conversion factor when comparing airborne and underwater anthroprogenic noise levels

Although a considerable amount of the current underwater acoustics literature deals with the proper documentation and analysis of underwater anthropogenic noise levels, mistakes and misconceptions can occur when attempts are made (often by non-experts) to make these data accessible for legislators, journalists and the public. This is because it is difficult for humans to assess qualitatively underwater sound level and quality. It can even be difficult for researchers to judge whether a given underwater sound should be classified as “loud” or “soft”. Many practitioners have suggested that the difference between airborne and underwater sound can be accounted for by applying a 61.5 dB comparison factor (in an attempt to compensate for the different acoustic impedances, and dB reference level conventions, which characterize acoustics in air and water). Whilst use of such a factor is preferable to use of none (which has led to misleading comparisons between levels in-air and water) nevertheless its existence could confer a false sense of security that the comparison is sound, whereas in fact, depending on the details of the comparison, a range of other issues would have to be rigorously taken in to account. Those issues include the perception of sound and annoyance underwater, and the problematic issue of making comparisons across species. This paper does not offer solutions to those issues, but rather outlines the thinking behind the 61.5 dB comparison factor, and shows the intriguing results of it blind application in some interesting example scenarios.