磁流体密封自修复的试验研究

通过磁流体密封试验观察了磁流体密封破裂后的自修复过程。研究了导致磁流体密封破裂的加压速率、破裂次数、密封磁场梯度、磁极的密封齿级数和磁极级数等因素对磁流体密封自修复后承压能力的影响规律。结果表明：加压速度越大，破裂次数越多，磁场梯度越小，则自修复程度越低；齿级数过多会降低磁流体密封的自修复能力，而采用多磁极少齿级密封结构可使磁流体损耗后得到较好的补充。从而提高磁流体密封的自修复能力。     

基于永磁环阵列的磁流体支撑及润滑特性研究

在本文中初步探讨了一种永磁环阵列的磁流体支撑及润滑特性,以期获得一种对固定目标区域精准支撑与润滑的方法,并实现低摩擦. 以3D打印树脂材料为基底,在其表面嵌入正方形点阵排布的永磁环阵列,分别在各磁体表面注入特定体积的磁流体,使其在各永磁环表面形成封闭的液体结构. 采用自行设计的支撑力测试系统及往复式摩擦磨损试验机分别对该液体结构支撑及润滑性能进行测试. 结果表明:在磁场作用下的磁流体,除自身磁化和内聚产生液体支撑力外,被磁流体密封于其液体结构内的气体将进一步提升支撑能力;而对于该磁环阵列结构而言,被吸附于其表面的磁流体支撑能力随着磁铁间距的增加而减小,并逐渐趋于稳定,同时磁极排布方式对支撑力也会有所影响;当磁流体密封结构的支撑能力大于外载荷时,即摩擦对偶完全被磁流体支撑,此时可获得0.005的低摩擦系数. 可见该磁流体液环密封结构所形成的液-气混合支撑力显著高于单一液体支撑,而磁环阵列结构可进一步提升总体支撑能力,当该支撑力高于负载时可避免摩擦副间的直接接触,在静止或低速状态下实现低摩擦. 该研究结果对于解决精密低速滑动机构中常出现的“冷焊”及“爬行”现象具有一定应用价值.      

磁流体技术的工业应用

介绍磁性流体的结构模型和分类方法,综述了磁流体密封技术、磁流体润滑、磁流体研磨、磁流体传热、磁流体传感器技术、磁流体分离技术、磁流体印刷技术的原理和应用,介绍了磁流体阻尼器、磁流体微泵、磁流体膜和医学等方面的应用,提出了磁流体及其应用技术研究的展望．     

电磁极宽度对圆柱绕流场影响的数值分析

在雷诺数Re=200的情况,利用Maxwell方程直接数值计算表面包覆电极与磁极圆柱体产生的电磁力分布,将其加入到动量方程中,在各种电磁力作用参数和电磁极宽度的组合下,对表面覆盖电磁极圆柱体在弱电解质中的绕流场结构及其升阻力特性进行了数值模拟与分析.结果表明,当电磁极宽度较小时,圆柱体绕流场的分离点越容易接近后驻点,而电磁力对总阻力的影响并不明显,但对压差和摩擦阻力均有明显影响.当电磁极宽度较大时,圆柱体尾部区域越容易产生射流现象,而且总阻力随电磁力作用参数和电磁极宽度增大而减小.在电磁力尚不足以完全抑制周期性涡脱落的情况下,升力幅值随电磁力作用参数增大而减小,但随电磁极宽度则先减小后略有增加,升力脉动频率则均随电磁力作用参数和电磁极宽度增大而增加.研究表明,电磁力可以有效地改善圆柱体绕流场结构,达到减小圆柱体阻力并抑制其脉动升力之目的,因此是圆柱型结构的一种有效流动控制手段.     

罐内爆炸成型技术在修复结晶器中的实验研究

随着连铸生产的发展,易损件结晶器铜管的消耗越来越大,使用报废的铜管结晶器越积越多.为重复利用结晶器,采用罐内爆炸成型技术做修复实验.针对200×200规格的结晶器铜管修复选择参数为:导爆索间距t=20mm;导爆索距离铜管外表20mm;炸药筒长度依据铜管长度加100mm确定.依据方案给出具体实验案例,成型后的结晶器经过测量表明修复后的结晶器完全可以再次利用.尤其,为实现厂内、连续、方便的修复结晶器,提出在1kgTNT当量爆炸罐体内实现.实验表明结晶器可以实现厂内便捷修复.     

三维气泡与自由表面相互作用的直接数值模拟

采用VOF中的PLIC界面重构方法数值模拟了三维气泡在液流中上升并与自由表面相互作用的运动.分别考察了不同初始高度,有无来流及有无再生气泡对气泡上升高度、上升速度、压力及与自由表面相互作用等的影响.结果表明:气泡初始位置越低,顶端上升的高度越大,自由面隆起的范围更广.越靠近自由表面,底部射流横向发展越窄,而向上的压力梯度,气泡上升速度,底部射流上升高度越大,反之则反;但如果底部射流均在接近自由表面以前已横向发展充分,则差别不大.气泡外形、上升高度、破裂时间以及上升速度与来流无关.产生再生气泡后,原生气泡与再生气泡相吸,相互加速对方的上升;自由表面抬升的高度增幅较大,范围拓宽,上升速度也大大增加,且再生气泡越多,自由表面隆起的范围越大.     

磁性流体密封的优化设计

通过数值计算及实验对磁性流体密封的结构与参数进行了优化设计,给出了磁钢材料及尺寸的设计原则,研究了单级密封的密封压差与磁极斜角、极尖宽度和密封间隙的关系。分析了多级密封的级数、齿宽、槽宽及齿高对磁性流体多级密封的影响,给出了最优取值范围。     

磁流体动力学在航空工程中的应用与展望

介绍了磁流体动力学在航空工程中的主要应用方式,主要包括:磁流体冲压组合发动机、磁流体涡轮组合发动机、燃烧室后磁流体发电、表面磁流体发电、磁流体加速风洞、磁流体推力矢量、进气道大尺寸磁流体流动控制、边界层分离流动控制、边界层转捩控制、飞行器头部热流控制等;探讨了磁流体技术在应用中存在的关键科学与技术问题,对导电流体的产生、磁流体实验设备与实验技术、多场耦合机理及数值模拟方法等进行了分析;最后对磁流体技术在航空工程上的应用与发展进行了总结与展望.     

磁流体饱和多孔弹性介质的瞬态响应特性

基于Biot流体饱和多孔介质理论及磁流体动力学理论,考虑了强导电性磁流体产生的磁压力对固体骨架的影响;将反映电磁力的Maxwell应力张量应用到Biot模型中,建立了磁流体饱和多孔介质的基本方程,并研究了内含圆柱形空腔的半无限磁流体饱和多孔介质处于均匀磁场中且其空腔表面受到均布瞬态荷载作用时的响应;利用积分变换,得到固体骨架应力场、位移场及磁流体压力场随时间变化的规律。数值计算结果表明:外加磁场分别为0、10A/m、100A/m时,各场变量随时间变化的规律和分布规律不变,但外加磁场的增大会使场变量的峰值及达到峰值的时间有所增加,且对其稳定值的影响甚微;在给定时刻,外加磁场强度越大,场变量沿径向达到恒定值的位置越靠近空腔表面;另外,磁压力对固体骨架的耦合作用效应较为显著。     

Review on the application and prospect of magnetohydrodynamics in aeronautical engineering

介绍了磁流体动力学在航空工程中的主要应用方式,主要包括：磁流体冲压组合发动机、磁流体涡轮组合发动机、燃烧室后磁流体发电、表面磁流体发电、磁流体加速风洞、磁流体推力矢量、进气道大尺寸磁流体流动控制、边界层分离流动控制、边界层转捩控制、飞行器头部热流控制等;探讨了磁流体技术在应用中存在的关键科学与技术问题,对导电流体的产生、磁流体实验设备与实验技术、多场耦合机理及数值模拟方法等进行了分析;最后对磁流体技术在航空工程上的应用与发展进行了总结与展望.     

氮化铁磁性流体密封研究

利用磁性流体被磁场吸附的原理，探讨了氮化铁磁性流体密封装置的设计原理和动作过程，分析并通过试验验证了磁性流体密封承压能力，进而成功地研制了氮化铁磁性流体密封安全阀，基于磁性流体密封安全阀开启压力稳定性、可控性和密封性能测试结果，所研制的样机已正常运行10000h。     

磁性流体高压密封能力的计算与试验研究

本文根据磁性流体密封理论对磁性流体高压密封进行了密封能力的计算和试验研究,提出了单级与多级密封能力的计算方法,并且通过磁场的数值计算对密封能力进行了定量分析。所设计的多极-多级密封装置的密封压差可达1.4MPa。文章最后还对计算值与试验值之差异作了分析与探讨。     

Unstable waves at the interface of a diamagnetic liquid column contained in a magnetic fluid

A magnetically held pipeless fluid transporting system is a potentially useful noncontact technique in science and technology. Keeping a stable interface between the diamagnetic liquid column and the surrounding magnetic fluid is essential. The present study gives an experimental study on the unstable interfacial wave leading to discontinuity of a liquid column maintained in a magnetic fluid by a non-uniform magnetic field. The experiments were carried out by setting two magnetic north poles in opposite position to produce the magnetic field, using water to form the diamagnetic liquid column, and a diluted kerosene-base magnetic fluid as the surrounding fluid. Unstable interfacial waves were measured. It was found that the magnetic pressure acting on the interface can stabilise the interface. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical stability condition derived from a two-fluids model.     

磁性流体密封压差的数值计算

分析并简化了含磁性流体的磁场模型,以密封理论为基础,采用有限元法计算出磁性流体密封的磁场和等压线分布,进而计算出密封压差,分析了密封压差与磁性流体量的关系,给出了多级密封压差的计算方法,同时分析了转速对密封能力的影响。结果发现,数值计算结果与实验结果相一致。     

Numerical study of Prandtl effect on MHD flow at a lid‐driven porous cavity

In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method is used to study the Prandtl number effect on flow structure and heat transfer rates in a magnetohydrodynamic flow mixed convection in a lid‐driven cavity filled with a porous medium. The right and left walls are at constant but different temperatures (θ_h and θ_c), while the other walls are adiabatic. Gallium and salt water (0.02 < Pr < 13.4) are used as samples of the electroconducting fluids in the cavity. Typical sets of streamlines and isotherms are presented to analyze the flow patterns set up by the competition among the forced flow created by the lid‐driven wall, the buoyancy force of the fluid and the magnetic force of the applied magnetic field. Mathematical formulations in the porous media were constructed based on the Brinkman–Forchheimer model, while the multidistribution‐function model was used for the magnetic field effect. Numerical results were obtained and the effects of the Prandtl number and the other effective parameters such as Richardson, Hartman, and Darcy numbers were investigated. It was found that the fluid fluctuations within the cavity were reduced by increasing the Hartman number. A similar pattern was observed for the Darcy number reduction. Heat transfer was essentially dominated by the conduction for the low Prandtl number and forced convection dominated as the Prandtl number increased. Also, the average Nusselt number was raised by increasing the Prandtl number. It was discovered that a remarkable heat transfer enhancement of up to 28% could be reached by increasing the Prandtl number (from 0.02 to 13.4) at constant Richardson and Darcy numbers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

TiO_2-water nanofluid in a porous channel under the effects of an inclined magnetic field and variable thermal conductivity

The TiO_2-water based nanofluid flow in a channel bounded by two porous plates under an oblique magnetic field and variable thermal conductivity is formulated as a boundary-value problem(BVP). The BVP is analytically solved with the homotopy analysis method(HAM). The result shows that the concentration of the nanoparticles is independent of the volume fraction of TiO_2 nanoparticles, the magnetic field intensity, and the angle. It is inversely proportional to the mass diffusivity. The fluid speed decreases whereas the temperature increases when the volume fraction of the TiO_2 nanoparticles increases. This confirms the fact that the occurrence of the TiO_2 nanoparticles results in the increase in the thermal transfer rate. The fluid speed decreases and the temperature increases for both the pure water and the nanofluid when the magnetic field intensity and angle increase. The maximum velocity does not exist at the middle of the symmetric channel, which is in contrast to the plane-Poiseuille flow, but it deviates a little bit towards the lower plate, which absorbs the fluid with a very low suction velocity. If this suction velocity is increased, the temperature in the vicinity of the lower plate will be increased.An explicit expression for the friction factor-Reynolds number is then developed. It is shown that the Hartmann number of the nanofluid is smaller than that of pure water,while the Nusselt number of the nanofluid is larger than that of pure water. However,both the parameters increase if the magnetic field intensity increases.     

Entropy analysis of unsteady magneto-nanofluid flow past accelerating stretching sheet with convective boundary condition

The unsteady laminar magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) boundary layer flow and heat transfer of nanofluids over an accelerating convectively heated stretching sheet are numerically studied in the presence of a transverse magnetic field with heat source/sink. The unsteady governing equations are solved by a shooting method with the Runge-KuttaFehlberg scheme. Three different types of water based nanofluids, containing copper, aluminium oxide, and titanium dioxide, are taken into consideration. The effects of the pertinent parameters on the fluid velocity, the temperature, the entropy generation number, the Bejan number, the shear stress, and the heat transfer rate at the sheet surface are graphically and quantitatively discussed in detail. A comparison of the entropy generation due to the heat transfer and the fluid friction is made with the help of the Bejan number. It is observed that the presence of the metallic nanoparticles creates more entropy in the nanofluid flow than in the regular fluid flow.