村落遗产地政府主导开发模式的多层次模糊综合评价——以开平碉楼与村落为例

科学评价村落遗产地旅游开发模式,监测其实施效果,对村落遗产地旅游开发的状况和水平作出合理评定,既能全面深入地挖掘村落遗产地旅游开发模式蕴涵的内涵,又能诊断出旅游开发中存在的优势与不足,对促进村落遗产地旅游业可持续发展具有重要的实践意义.在文献研究和专家调查的基础上,构建村落遗产地政府主导开发模式评价指标体系,以开平碉楼与村落为例,采用多层次模糊综合评判法对村落遗产地政府主导开发模式进行定量评价,以期为当地旅游行政管理部门科学制定决策提供理论依据.     

An accurate solution procedure for fluid flow with natural convection

We consider the Boussinesq model of buoyancy driven fluid flows. This nonlinear system is solved numerically using a two level finite element method. On the first level, a nonlinear system is solved on a very coarse mesh. Thereafter, a linear system is solved on a fine mesh.

In a standard approach, one might obtain the numerical solution from a discretization of the original, nonlinear system using the same fine mesh.

Both solutions are of equal order of accuracy if the mesh widths are properly balanced. Therefore the two level method is very efficient.     

在半导体-金属相变温度附近氧化钒薄膜光学性质的异常变动

在可见光—近红外波段的不同波长下,测量了半导体-金属相变过程中氧化钒薄膜样品的反射率和透射率.在薄膜相变过程中,不同波段的反射率曲线和透射率曲线表现出不同的变化趋势.利用非相干光在薄膜中的多级反射-透射模型,计算了相变过程中不同波长下氧化钒薄膜的折射率n和消光系数k随温度的变化.结果表明,在相变温度附近氧化钒薄膜光学性质的异常变动,其原因既有薄膜的折射率和消光系数随波长的变化趋势不同,也有在吸收性薄膜中存在探测光多次反射和透射的累加效应.     

Orientation-dependent recovery in strongly deformed Al–0.1% Mn crystals

Single crystals of Al–0.1% Mn were channel-die compressed to a true strain of 2.3 and their recovery behaviour at 240–320°C investigated by microhardness measurements, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) microtexture mapping and X-ray line broadening analysis. The crystal orientations were the nominally stable Goss {110}?001?, brass {110}?112? and S {123}?634?. For all three orientations the microhardness decreases with a logarithmic time dependence but the instantaneous recovery rates of the brass oriented crystals are systematically lower than those of the other two orientations by a factor of about 2. The dislocation densities decrease rapidly in the first stages of recovery (<1?min) by dislocation dipole annihilation and more slowly thereafter. In the Goss and S orientations the later stage of recovery is due to sub-grain growth. The orientation dependence is ascribed to the relatively low misorientations developed by plastic straining in the brass crystals (average about 4°) compared with the Goss and S orientations (about 7–8°).     

A new appraoch of the dynamic substructure method

Researches show that there exists a modal transformation matrix which is similar to that of the fixed interface method in form but slightly different from that in content. Using the constrained modes and normal modes or Lanczos vectors, a new modal transformation developed from hybrid method is given, in which the interface forces are replaced by interface displacements. The first synthesis equations are assembled easily as with the fixed interface method, yet the interface coordinates can be further eliminated as with the free-interface method. The new method unifies the fixed- and free-interface methods as well as hybrid method,permitting easy implementation of the Lanczos vectors to replace normal modes so that only static modes are calculated. The dynamic substructure method thus becomes more flexible and efficient. This reveals the interrelations of various dynamic substructure methods. New formula for modal analysis and modal synthesis are developed and three examples are given for illustration.Supported by Doctoral Training Foundation of State Education Commission and NNSF of China.     

考虑需求不确定的多级应急物流设施选址研究

为了对急物流设施选址问题进行合理的研究,建立了包含配送中心、配送点和需求点的多级应急物流网络。基于应急物资需求特点,使用三角模糊数表示应急物资需求的不确定性,同时考虑应急救援成本和应急救援时间两个目标,建立了应急物流设施选址模型。采用去模糊化方法将三角模糊数转化为确定数,利用成本和时间的单目标的最优结果将多目标转化为相对值,再对时间和成本目标进行加权处理,既消除了不同目标之间的单位及数量级差异,还可以进行动态调整。设计了遗传算法对模型进行求解,通过实际算例表明了模型和算法可以有效地解决应急物流设施选址问题。     

Pyrolysis of arylglycol-β-propylphenyl ether lignin model in the presence of borosilicate glass fibers. : I. Pyrolysis reactions of β-ether compounds

Two β-aryl ether type model compounds, guaiacylglycol- and veratrylglycol-β-propylphenyl ethers, were copyrolyzed with borosilicate glass fibers. The results provided a better understanding of the effect of copyrolysis with the fibers on the yields of lignin-derived products from lignocellulosics.

The observed products indicated the following reactions occurring in the models; (1) cleavage of the C-aromatic ring bond, (2) cleavage of the β-ether bond, (3) cleavage of the C-Cβ bond, (4) ,β-dehydration, and (5) demethylation, and others. Of these reactions, reactions (1), (2) and (4) were the main pyrolysis reactions and fully explained the increase in the total yield of lignin-derived pyrolysis products from Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) in the presence of borosilicate glass fibers. Reaction (1) was a particularly characteristic reaction in copyrolysis with the fibers. Important reactions relating to the increase in the total yield of lignin-derived pyrolysis products were reproduced on the models used.     

混合效应模型及其在非寿险费率厘定中的应用

在非寿险分类费率厘定中,广义线性模型的应用十分普遍,但当某些费率因子的水平数很多时(本文称之为多水平因子),广义线性模型的估计结果将不可靠。解决此类问题的一种方法是把多水平费率因子作为随机效应处理。将多水平费率因子作为随机效应处理可以采取下述三种方法:(1)分别用广义线性模型和信度模型估计普通费率因子和多水平因子,通过广义线性模型与Buhlmann-Straub信度模型的迭代应用预测索赔频率和索赔强度;(2)应用广义线性混合模型分别预测索赔频率和索赔强度;(3)直接对经验纯保费数据建立Tweedie混合效应模型。本文把上述模型应用于中国车损险实际数据的研究结果表明,这三种方法比较接近,但从总体上看,广义线性混合模型的估计结果更加可取。     

多层次样本描述及其协同应用实例

在介绍设计样本的基础上,说明了软件开发各个阶段都存在可重用的样本的可能性,讨论了不同阶段样本间存在的层次性,并详细论述了各层样本的描述问题,包括样本共同属性的描述和与层次相关的特有属性的描述． 作者还介绍了样本之间可能存在的关系种类． 最后给出了一个利用多样本协同实现的实际应用系统,该系统包括了若干不同层次、不同粒度的样本．     

A polarized partition relation for cardinals of countable cofinality

We prove that if and , then

for all . This polarized partition relation holds if for every partition either there are and with or there are and with .