A three component one-pot synthesis of N-amino-2-pyridone derivatives catalyzed by KF-Al2O3

Synthesis of 1,6-diamino-4-phenyl-3,5-dicyano-2-pyridone derivatives via a one-pot, three-component reaction of aryl aldehydes, malononitrile, and cyanoacetic hydrazide at room temperature using KF-Al₂O₃ as a recyclable catalyst have been developed. The reaction proceeds through the initial Knoevenagel condensation between aldehyde and malononitrile in the presence of KF-Al₂O₃ to form the benzylidene derivative which then undergoes Michael addition with cyanoacetic hydrazide followed by intramolecular cyclization of the resulting intermediate to produce the N-amino-2-pyridones in good to excellent yields. The structure of the synthesized compounds were characterized and established on the basis of their spectral data analysis and single-crystal XRD analysis.     

主成份分析同时单点pM滴定法研究

本文将主成份分析应用于单点ＰＭ滴定法中，同时测定了多组分金属离子混合物各组分浓度。讨论了方法原理，建立了主成份常数矩阵，对２１个三元、四元混合样进行了测定，得到满意结果。     

Vereinfachtes Additionsverfahren in der Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie

Summary A simulation game is developed in which players can obtain insight into the connection between analytical chemical methods and the use of these methods for specific purposes, e.g. process control. The analytical methods are characterised by e.g. reproducibility, dead-time and staff- and instrument requirements. The external conditions of the played situation, e.g. sampling frequency, time, money and available staff also play a role in the game.

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Simulationsspiel über die Beziehung zwischen einem analytischen Laboratorium und der Prozeßkontrolle

Zusammenfassung Ein Simulationsspiel wurde entwickelt, bei dem die Spieler einen Einblick gewinnen in die Zusammenhänge zwischen analytischen Methoden und der Nutzung dieser Methoden für bestimmte Zwecke, wie z.B. die Prozeßkontrolle. Die analytischen Methoden werden durch Reproduzierbarkeit, Totzeit, sowie Anforderungen an Personal und Geräte charakterisiert. Als äußere Bedingungen werden in dem Spiel z.B. Probenahmefrequenz, Zeit, Kosten sowie verfügbares Personal berücksichtigt.

     

稀土氧化物提高中高碳钢堆焊试样抗开裂性机制的研究

采用5CrNiMo热锻模具钢作为研究对象，分析了堆焊试样上的裂纹形貌，测定了堆焊残余应力场并进行了数值模拟。在此基础上，分析了稀土氧化物改善堆焊金属结晶组织和变质夹杂物的作用。结果表明：堆焊裂纹主要在粗大的树枝晶之间、夹杂物和热影响区粗大奥氏体晶粒处形成，并且，在堆焊金属中心和热影响区残余拉应力作用下扩展。堆焊金属中加入稀土氧化物能细化一次柱状晶组织；变质夹杂物。同时，降低堆焊金属马氏体相变温度，从而降低上述危险部位的拉应力峰值。     

Micro scale laser shock forming of pure copper and titanium sheet with forming/blanking compound die

A new process fabricating micro parts of thin metal foils by laser shock waves with forming/blanking compound die is reported in this article, in which flexible rubber material was used as the soft punch to act on the thin metal sheet. Systematic studies were carried out experimentally on the process with different laser energies and materials. The formed parts were examined in terms of their morphology, surface roughness, forming depth and mechanical properties (including nanohardness, plasticity and elastic modulus) characterized by nanoindentation test. According to the results, the ablation states of confinement medium and the surface roughness of the different regions change with energies. Additionally, the proper energies are necessary to form complex parts and the forming process can be applied to manufacture parts with good surface quality. What׳s more, the nanoindentation test results showed that the nanohardness, plasticity and elastic modulus of material were increased after impact. The increase in nanohardness and plasticity can attribute to higher stiffness of the parts. The enhanced elastic modulus indicates an increased stiffness of the parts, providing an evidence for the reduced spring back of copper during laser shocking.     

Quick Profile Die Balancing of Automotive Rubber Seal Extrusion by CAE Technology

The extrusion process of a type of automotive rubber seal was considered by using Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) technology. Based on the die balancing requirement, CAE technology was utilized to speed up the die development and balancing process. The rubber material was EPDM and unacceptable extrusion deformation was found by using a parallel die. More balancing dies were then designed following the procedures proposed by the die balancing method and the effect of them was evaluated with respect to CAE analytical results. It was found that the addition of an opening section in the die would provide a more uniform velocity distribution at the die exit than the parallel die. The length of opening section was also found to affect the die balancing and so an optimum length of the opening section was determined by CAE analysis. Further optimization of the die was carried out by adjusting the local length of the opening section. Finally, a real die was cut based on the optimization results and used for production. Ideal profile products were obtained and very small and acceptable deviation from the die was observed, which validated the advantage and accuracy of CAE technology combined with die balancing requirement.     

A generalized any-particle propagator theory: Calculations of nucleon's binding energies

Generalized one-particle propagator calculations were performed for fermions in atoms: neutrons, protons, and electrons. For this purpose, multicomponent Hartree-Fock equations were implemented using Gaussian basis sets where, for nucleons, we consider a non-Coulombic interaction, through a two-term Yukawa scalar potential and the interaction between electrons and the electrons with positive charge (protons) through a Coulombic potential. The strategy for evaluating the required interaction integrals follows Obara-Saika and Head-Gordon recurrence relations combined with the generalized Boys function suggested by Ten-no. Calculations on the isotopes ²H, ³H, ³He, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ⁶Be, ⁷Li, and ⁸Be were realized to test the accuracy of Koopmans' approximation and a second-order generalized one-particle propagator. Yukawa potentials were parametrized to reproduce nuclear properties as kinetic energies and radial distributions of density. These potentials produced the reference nuclear Hartree-Fock calculations on which fully ab initio propagator calculations were performed for these non-Coulombic potentials. This allowed us to explore the electronic structure of isotopes in an extended nucleus context.     

Viscoelastic simulations of stick‐slip and die‐swell flows

Numerical solutions of viscoelastic flows are demonstrated for a time marching, semi‐implicit Taylor–Galerkin/pressure‐correction algorithm. Steady solutions are sought for free boundary problems involving combinations of die‐swell and stick‐slip conditions. Flows with and without drag flow are investigated comparatively, so that the influence of the additional component of the drag flow may be analysed effectively. The influence of die‐swell is considered that has application to various industrial processes, such as wire coating. Solutions for two‐dimensional axisymmetric flows with an Oldroyd‐B model are presented that compare favourably with the literature. The study advances our prior fixed domain formulation with this algorithm, into the realm of free‐surface viscoelastic flows. The work involves streamline‐upwind/Petrov–Galerkin weighting and velocity gradient recovery techniques that are applied upon the constitutive equation. Free surface solution reprojection and a new pressure‐drop/mass balance scheme are proposed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

30K～60K温区混合工质内复叠节流制冷循环及其实验验证

本文提出了利用内复叠节流制冷循环获得３０Ｋ－６０Ｋ温区的新制冷方案。进行了与之相关的热力学问题分析，建立了实验装置，首次获得了５０Ｋ左右的低温。