An instrumentation system to measure the loads acting on the tractor PTO bearing during rotary tillage

Application of rotary tillage has been increased due to less tillage passes required, reduced draft, and greater efficiency through reduction in wheel slippage. Early failure of the bearing of tractor power take-off (PTO) shaft was observed in tractors of power range 30–35 horsepower during rotary tillage. An instrumentation setup involving an extended octagonal ring transducer (EORT) was developed and installed at the bottom of the bearing to measure the axial load and the vertical component of the radial load. The horizontal component of radial load was measured by strain gauges. Based on measured loads, the bearing life was assessed. Independent variables were: operating depth, number of blades, gear setting, engine speed, and tyre size. The average axial and radial loads varied from 786–3869 N, and 134–430 N, respectively. However, bearing experienced very high peak loads during each trial. The peak axial and radial loads was recorded between 1081–7534 N and 566–1794 N, respectively. The estimated bearing life based on peak loads was 171.98–28341.39 h. Based on the findings, it may be concluded that the average loads were not sufficient to cause quick failure of PTO bearing, rather sudden peak loads might be the root cause of early failure.     

基于永磁体间的磁性负刚度的分析与优化

为了有效地降低磁性负刚度结构的非线性程度,从简单三磁体结构出发,引入新型负刚度结构模型——五磁体对称结构,运用MATLAB建立新型负刚度结构的磁力学模型并应用Ansoft Maxwell进行仿真验证。研究永磁体间的相对位置参数对五磁体对称结构的负刚度曲线走势的影响,在微幅振动下对基于磁引力的负刚度曲线拟合后使用谐波平衡法求解动力学方程。最终得出结论:在给定的条件下,五磁体负刚度结构的负刚度曲线的非线性相较于简单三磁体结构,一定程度上得到了改善,且其隔振性能相较于传统线性隔振系统有了大幅提高,为磁性负刚度结构的负刚度曲线非线性的优化和应用提供了理论上的参考。     

Hermitian-Poisson Metrics on Flat Bundles over Complete Hermitian Manifolds

In this paper, the author solves the Dirichlet problem for Hermitian-Poisson metric equation √?1Λ_ωG_H = λId and proves the existence of Hermitian-Poisson metrics on flat bundles over a class of complete Hermitian manifolds. When λ = 0, the HermitianPoisson metric is a Hermitian harmonic metric.     

Nil-Clean Rings with Involution

A *-ring R is called a nil *-clean ring if every element of R is a sum of a projection and a nilpotent.Nil *-clean rings are the *-version of nil-clean rings introduced by Diesl.This paper is about the nil *-clean property of rings with emphasis on matrix rings.We show that a *-ring R is nil *-clean if and only if J(R) is nil and R/J(R) is nil*-clean.For a 2-primal *-ring R,with the induced involution given by (aij)* =(a*ij)T,the nil *-clean property of Mn(R) is completely reduced to that of Mn(Z2).Consequently,Mn(R) is not a nil *-clean ring for n =3,4,and M2(R) is a nil *-clean ring if and only if J(R) is nil,R/J(R) is a Boolean ring and a*-a ∈ J(R) for all a ∈ R.     

Gorenstein-Projective Modules over Morita Rings

Let △(φ,ψ) =(A BMA ANBB) be a Morita ring which is an Artin algebra.In this paper we investigate the relations between the Gorenstein-projective modules over a Morita ring △(φ,ψ) and the algebras A and B.We prove that if △(φ,ψ) is a Gorenstein algebra and both MA and AN (resp.,both NB and BM) have finite projective dimension,then A (resp.,B) is a Gorenstein algebra.We also discuss when the CM-freeness and the CM-finiteness of a Morita ring △(φ,ψ) is inherited by the algebras A and B.     

On the Generalized Strongly Nil-Clean Property of Matrix Rings

Let R be an associative unital ring and not necessarily commutative.We analyze conditions under which every n × n matrix A over R is expressible as a sum A =E1 +…+ Es + N of (commuting) idempotent matrices Ei and a nilpotent matrix N.     

Grothendieck rings of a class of Hopf algebras of Kac-Paljutkin type

We construct the Grothendieck rings of a class of 2n²dimensional semisimple Hopf Algebras H_2n²,which can be viewed as a generalization of the 8 dimensional Kac-Paljutkin Hopf algebra H8.All irreducible H_2n²-modules are classified.Furthermore,we describe the Grothendieck rings r(H_2n²)by generators and relations explicitly.     

基于超疏水高黏附结构的痕量农药分子现场检测SERS基底研究

多种农药,包括孔雀石绿（MG）作为禁用兽药,存在食用致癌的风险。由于MG低廉的价格和极好的药效,在渔业养殖中一直被不法商贩非法使用,使得鱼类生鲜中时有MG残留检出。针对MG分子痕量残留的检测,目前一般是抽取少量养殖水样,再利用高效液相色谱柱、液相色谱-光谱等方法来评估其是否超标。这类传统的检测方法一般需要依赖价格昂贵的大型设备,且检测过程操作繁琐复杂,单次检测耗时长、价格高,因而与农贸市场中商品流通量大、速度快、价格需亲民低廉等特点和要求不相符合。近年来,表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）检测技术以及便携式拉曼光谱仪的出现,有望实现对痕量农药分子的现场快速检测,进而很好地解决这一问题。SERS检测技术利用金属纳米结构的表面等离激元效应感应位于其结构表面附近的分子,得到分子种类和浓度信息。为了降低可检测的浓度极限,一般会在SERS基底上利用咖啡环效应或其他手段将待测分子蒸发富集,以获得足够高的信号强度。针对亲水基底,液滴与基底相接触后,会在基底表面摊开,使其分布面积扩大,导致其咖啡环周长变长,分子分布浓度随之降低。而当采用疏水基底富集时,由于常规的疏水基底表面黏附性小,液滴在其表面处于随处滚动无法抓取的状态,极大增加了操作的难度。以MG分子痕量残留的检测为例,由于农贸市场人员众多、无专业实验平台,磕碰撞击时有发生,在此环境下采用疏水SERS基底对农药分子进行检测显然是不可取的。该研究提出一种基于超疏水高黏附纳米森林结构的SERS基底用于痕量MG分子的快速现场检测。相比于超疏水SERS基底,所提出的超疏水高黏附基底利用其高黏附性可牢固抓取待测液滴,解决了以往超疏水基底在实际现场检测中存在液滴滚动无法操作的问题。此外,与亲水基底相比,超疏水高黏附基底由于接触角大,可将咖啡环面积缩小5.73倍,继而使分子的富集浓度提高5.73倍,最终使检测极限浓度降低了至少两个数量级。研究所提出的超疏水高黏附SERS基底有望在痕量农药分子快速现场检测中得到应用。     

Comparison between standard and counterpoise-corrected optimization using some hydrogen and halogen bonded systems

The effect of the counterpoise correction on the geometries, stabilization energies, and vibrational harmonic frequencies of some hydrogen- and halogen-bonded systems (B?=?CH₃CN,?HCN,?NH₃,?N₂,?CO,?H₂O,?H₂S,?PH₃;?HX?=?HF,?HCl,?HBr,?HCN,?HCF₃; XY?=?Br₂,?BrCl,?BrF,?Cl₂,?ClF,?F₂) has been analysed at the MP2 level of theory using the popular 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The optimized B?···?H and B?···?X bond lengths increase with counterpoise (CP) correction. In some cases standard values and in other cases CP-corrected values are close to experimental data. The absolute values of complexation energies of CP-corrected structures are higher than standard by inclusion of BSSE correction. The effect of CP correction on intermolecular bond lengths and complexation energies of B?···?XY series are usually higher than B?···?HX. Also, this effect is higher for H₂S and PH₃ groups. The CP correction changes the vibrational harmonic frequencies by 0–100%. The changes are frequently lower than 20% for frequencies higher than 300?cm^?1.