An optimized magnet for magnetic refrigeration

A magnet designed for use in a magnetic refrigeration device is presented. The magnet is designed by applying two general schemes for improving a magnet design to a concentric Halbach cylinder magnet design and dimensioning and segmenting this design in an optimum way followed by the construction of the actual magnet. The final design generates a peak value of 1.24 T, an average flux density of 0.9 T in a volume of 2 L using only 7.3 L of magnet, and has an average low flux density of 0.08 T also in a 2 L volume. The working point of all the permanent magnet blocks in the design is very close to the maximum energy density. The final design is characterized in terms of a performance parameter, and it is shown that it is one of the best performing magnet designs published for magnetic refrigeration.     

A high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for wave propagation through coupled elastic–acoustic media

We introduce a high-order discontinuous Galerkin (dG) scheme for the numerical solution of three-dimensional (3D) wave propagation problems in coupled elastic–acoustic media. A velocity–strain formulation is used, which allows for the solution of the acoustic and elastic wave equations within the same unified framework. Careful attention is directed at the derivation of a numerical flux that preserves high-order accuracy in the presence of material discontinuities, including elastic–acoustic interfaces. Explicit expressions for the 3D upwind numerical flux, derived as an exact solution for the relevant Riemann problem, are provided. The method supports h-non-conforming meshes, which are particularly effective at allowing local adaptation of the mesh size to resolve strong contrasts in the local wavelength, as well as dynamic adaptivity to track solution features. The use of high-order elements controls numerical dispersion, enabling propagation over many wave periods. We prove consistency and stability of the proposed dG scheme. To study the numerical accuracy and convergence of the proposed method, we compare against analytical solutions for wave propagation problems with interfaces, including Rayleigh, Lamb, Scholte, and Stoneley waves as well as plane waves impinging on an elastic–acoustic interface. Spectral rates of convergence are demonstrated for these problems, which include a non-conforming mesh case. Finally, we present scalability results for a parallel implementation of the proposed high-order dG scheme for large-scale seismic wave propagation in a simplified earth model, demonstrating high parallel efficiency for strong scaling to the full size of the Jaguar Cray XT5 supercomputer.     

Higher order global solution and normalized flux for singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion problems

In this paper a computational technique is proposed for obtaining a higher order global solution and global normalized flux of singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion two-point boundary-value problems. The HOC (higher order compact) finite difference scheme developed in Gracia et al. (2001) [4] and which is constructed on an appropriate piecewise uniform Shishkin mesh, has been considered to find an almost fourth order convergent solution at mesh points. Using these values, piecewise cubic interpolants based approximations for solution and normalized flux in whole domain have been defined. It has been shown that the global solution and the global normalized flux are also uniformly convergent. Moreover, for the global solution, the order of uniform convergence in the whole domain is optimal, i.e., it is the same as this one obtained at mesh points, whereas, for the global normalized flux, the uniform convergence is almost third order, except at midpoints of the mesh, where it is also almost fourth order. Theoretical error bounds have been provided along with some numerical examples, which corroborate the efficiency of the proposed technique to find good approximations to the global solution and the global normalized flux.     

金属磁记忆效应的第一性原理计算与实验研究

为研究铁磁材料应力集中区域金属磁记忆信号的产生机理及其变化规律, 采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势法, 建立了磁记忆效应的磁力学模型; 计算分析了力与磁记忆自发漏磁信号的定量变化关系. 研究结果表明:力作用导致晶格畸变是磁记忆自发漏磁信号产生的根本原因; 常温下, 磁记忆信号随应力近似线性变化的规律与X70钢管水压爆破实验结果具有很好的一致性. 研究结果有助于金属磁记忆检测机理的研究. 关键词： 金属磁记忆 第一性原理 漏磁信号     

A METHOD TO ESTIMATE THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE ON THE CUTTING EDGE OF TOOLS: APPLICATION ON THE MILLING PROCESS

In this work we present an experimental technique for the estimation of the average temperature on the cutting edge of each insert in a milling tool. The experimental device used thermistors, one per insert, and a rotational collector in order to ensure the transmission of the signals between the rotating tool and the acquisition device. Each thermistor is located at a point in the tool close to the tip of each insert. The average temperature on the cutting edge of each insert is estimated from the temperature at the nearest sensor and a model expressing these two temperatures. This model is achieved from the noninteger system identification method.     

Enhancement in nucleate pool boiling heat transfer on nano-second laser processed copper surfaces

ABSTRACT

The present paper reports the experimental investigation of pool boiling heat transfer on multiscale functionalized copper surfaces. Multiscale functionalized surfaces are fabricated by employing the nano-second laser surface process (NLSP) technique. The heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of functionalized surfaces are estimated experimentally by using water and acetone as pool liquid. Tests are performed at atmospheric pressure, and saturated pool boiling condition with heat flux varyies between 0 and 330 kW/m². The maximum HTCs for functionalized surface and reference polished surface were found to be 41,500 W/m²K and 23,000 W/m²K, respectively, with water and 22,000 W/m²K and 14,000 W/m²K, respectively, with acetone.     

WALL CONDUCTION EFFECT ON THE ONSET OF THERMAL INSTABILITY IN HORIZONTAL RECTANGULAR CHANNELS

The effect of peripheral thermal conduction in the bottom wall on the onset of thermal instability in the thermal entrance region of horizontal, rectangular, bottom-uniform-heated channels was studied by experiment and theoretical simulation. The predicted results of the onset of thermal instability for the cases of uniform peripheral wall heat flux are in agreement with the published experimental data, but the predicted results for the cases of uniform peripheral wall temperature exceed the previous data by about an order of magnitude. The present experimental data reconfirm the present predictions. The effect of increasing the peripheral wall conduction is shown to stabilize the flow.     

掺杂Y2O3和BaCeO3提高MOD-YBCO超导性能的研究

本文通过在前驱液中添加过量钇盐和铈的有机盐,采用三氟乙酸盐-金属有机沉积法(TFA-MOD) 在铝酸镧单晶基体上制备了含有纳米氧化钇和纳米铈酸钡的YBCO薄膜. 与纯YBCO薄膜相比,掺杂Y₂O₃/BaCeO₃的YBCO膜的临界转变温度几乎保持不变,为91 K左右. 而掺杂Y₂O₃/BaCeO₃的YBCO膜的临界电流密度达到5.0 MA/cm² (77 K, 0T), 是纯YBCO膜临界电流密度的1.5倍.薄膜中的Y₂O₃和BaCeO₃可能在YBCO内部起到了 有效的钉扎磁通作用. 关键词： 钇钡铜氧薄膜 2O₃和纳米BaCeO₃')" href="#">纳米Y₂O₃和纳米BaCeO₃ 磁通钉扎 三氟乙酸盐-金属有机沉积     

On the neutron flux flattening problem

In this paper, we present the critical neutron flux flattening problem governed by the critical transport equation in a nonuniform slab with periodic boundary conditions. Existence and uniqueness theorem of the optimal solution is shown in continuous function space.     

Global existence and nonexistence of the non-Newtonian polytropic filtration equations coupled with nonlinear boundary conditions

In this article, we deal with the global existence and nonexistence of solutions to the non-Newtonian polytropic filtration equations coupled with nonlinear boundary conditions. By constructing various kinds of sub- and super-solutions and using the basic properties of M-matrix, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for global existence of nonnegative solutions. The critical curve of Fujita type is conjectured with the aid of some new results, which extend the recent results of Zheng, Song, and Jiang [Critical Fujita exponents for degenerate parabolic equations coupled via nonlinear boundary flux, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 298 (2004), pp. 308–324], Zhou and Mu [Critical curve for a non-Newtonian polytropic filtration system coupled via nonlinear boundary flux, Nonlinear Anal. 68 (2008), pp. 1–11], and Zhou and Mu [Algebraic criteria for global existence or blow-up for a boundary coupled system of nonlinear diffusion equations, Appl. Anal. 86 (2007), pp. 1185–1197] to more general equations.