皮肤组织压缩行为与热损伤的相关性

皮肤组织生物热力学是一门涉及生物传热、烧伤、生物力学和生理神经学等的高度交叉的新兴学科.皮肤组织的热力学性能表征对皮肤组织生物热力学的建立和完善以及许多医学应用领域都具有相当重要的作用.然而,目前对于皮肤组织力学性质和温度之间的量化关系却几乎没有开展研究,试图揭示高温引发的热损伤对皮肤组织力学性能影响的研究也相当少.该文重点描述了猪皮在各种热损伤度下的压缩行为,讨论了与热损伤与皮肤压缩行为的相关性及机理.结果表明:皮肤的刚度随热损伤度的提高而下降,并且具有不同损伤度下的应变速率敏感性,这些特性主要是由皮肤的水合作用变化所引起的.     

Circular Delaminations - the Effect of Thermal Strains on the Strain Energy Release Rate

The analysis presented focuses on the extent to which the thermal loading resulting from a difference between the curing and service temperatures and from variations in the thermal-expansion coefficients from layer to layer can affect the growth of delaminations. Square laminate plates containing circular delaminations are examined. The reinforcement combinations for the delaminated layer and the core plate considered are [0°]/[90°], [90°]/[0°], [0°]/[±45°] _s , and [±45°] _s /[0°]. The analysis is carried out using the FEM. The strain energy release rate components are calculated using the modified crack-closure integral method. The results obtained show that, for all the reinforcement combinations studied, with the exception of [±45°] _s /[0°], a temperature drop considerably reduces all the strain energy release rate components, but only minor changes in their proportion occur. In the case of the [±45°] _s /[0°] plates, all these components increase, and noticeable changes in their proportion are also observed.     

国产航空有机玻璃(PMMA)的压缩应力-应变行为研究——Ⅱ.力学性能特征参数分析

讨论从加卸载循环的应力-应变表征曲线提取得到的各材料力学性能,尤其是关于屈服和塑性变形的特征参数。包括加卸载弹性模量E_L~T,E_u~T;屈服点的表征参数:屈服应力σ_s~T,屈服应变ε_s~N,屈服应变能U_s;热激活塑性变形的表征参数:活化体积V_τ和活化能ΔH。讨论这些参数对温度和应变率的依赖关系,寻求由这些特征参数作表述,或是存在于这些参数之间的经验关系或规律。     

考虑轴力二阶效应悬臂梁的支承及裂纹参数识别

建立了轴向压力作用下悬臂裂纹梁边界支承和裂纹损伤程度识别方法．首先，将悬臂梁边界非完整支承等效为竖向和扭转弹簧、梁中开裂纹等效为内部扭转弹簧，利用Laplace变换，得到了边界弹性支承、考虑轴向压力二阶效应、具有任意裂纹数目Euler-Bernoulli悬臂梁弯曲挠度的解析解．其次，提出了边界弹性支承弹簧柔度和裂纹等效扭转弹簧柔度的识别方法．最后，通过数值试验，考察了轴向压力，裂纹深度以及测量误差等对识别结果的影响，说明了本文考虑轴向压力二阶效应的悬臂梁边界支承弹簧柔度及裂纹等效扭转弹簧柔度识别方法的适用性和可靠性，结果表明：相比于应变测量误差，挠度测量误差对裂纹损伤程度识别结果影响更加敏感，且轴向压力对裂纹损伤程度识别影响较小，因此，应严格控制挠度的测量误差．同时，边界支承扭转弹簧柔度的识别误差大于其竖向弹簧柔度识别误差．这些结果为实际工程中边界非完整支承悬臂裂纹梁的参数识别提供了指导．     

基于双边信息的分布式视频压缩感知模型研究

针对传统视频编码技术计算量大和复杂度高的缺点,提出一种基于双边信息的分布式视频压缩感知算法。该算法将压缩感知技术与分布式视频编码技术相结合,把视频序列分为Key帧和CS帧,Key帧运用传统的帧内编码和解码,CS帧编码端运用压缩感知编码,解码端运用视频块内与视频块间的双边信息和梯度投影算法进行优化重构。通过双边信息的运动估计和压缩编码器的设计,实现基于双边信息的分布式视频压缩感知模型的构建。仿真结果表明该模型既可以实现高效编码,又可以实现复杂度由编码端向解码端转移,在较低的采样率下,提高视频的压缩能力和传输速度。     

针对多散斑图的差分压缩鬼成像方案研究

鬼成像方案实现所需设备、成像的质量以及成像所花的时间是决定鬼成像技术可实用化的重要因素. 本文提出一种针对多散斑图的差分压缩鬼成像方案. 该方案通过连续探测多个独立的散斑图, 降低了热光鬼成像方案对探测器高时间分辨力的要求; 通过采用差分方法, 抑制了背景噪声和其他噪声源的干扰; 通过使用压缩感知重建算法, 有效地降低了鬼成像所需时间并同时提升成像的质量. 数值仿真结果表明, 对于二灰度“N” 图, 本方案在8000次的采样情形下与多散斑图鬼成像方案35000次采样的结果相比, 均方误差降低了96.9%、峰值信噪比提升15.1 dB. 对于八灰度“Pepper”图, 本方案与多散斑图鬼成像方案相比, PSNR提升11.4 dB. 本方案可降低探测设备的要求、提高成像质量、降低重建时间, 具有广阔的应用前景.     

交替寻优生成元素幅值结合混沌随机相位构造循环测量矩阵

循环矩阵由于其对应离散卷积且具有快速算法被广泛应用于压缩测量矩阵. 本文从循环测量矩阵生成元素的幅值和相位两个方面探索循环测量矩阵的优化构造, 提出交替寻优生成元素的幅值并结合混沌随机相位实现循环测量矩阵的最优构造. 由一维和二维信号循环测量矩阵的不同表示形式出发, 将等价字典列向量之间互相干系数的Welch界作为逼近目标, 推导出了一维和二维信号循环测量矩阵生成元素幅值优化的统一数学模型, 提出采用交替寻优方法求解生成元素幅值的最优解. 利用混沌序列构造循环测量矩阵生成元素的随机相位. 与已有的典型循环测量矩阵相比, 本文优化构造的循环测量矩阵所对应的等价字典列向量之间具有更低的互相干性, 这正是所构造的循环测量矩阵优越性的本质所在.     

A modified quasi‐Newton diagonal update algorithm for total variation denoising problems and nonlinear monotone equations with applications in compressive sensing

In this paper, we present a new algorithm to accelerate the Chambolle gradient projection method for total variation image restoration. The new proposed method considers an approximation of the Hessian based on the secant equation. Combined with the quasi‐Cauchy equations and diagonal updating, we can obtain a positive definite diagonal matrix. In the proposed minimization method model, we use the positive definite diagonal matrix instead of the constant time stepsize in Chambolle's method. The global convergence of the proposed scheme is proved. Some numerical results illustrate the efficiency of this method. Moreover, we also extend the quasi‐Newton diagonal updating method to solve nonlinear systems of monotone equations. Performance comparisons show that the proposed method is efficient. A practical application of the monotone equations is shown and tested on sparse signal reconstruction in compressed sensing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Compressive fracture characteristics of Zr-based bulk metallic glass

The compressive fracture characteristics of Zr-based bulk metallic glass under uniaxial compression tests are studied.The zigzag rheological behavior is observed in the compression stress-strain curves of amorphous alloys.At room temperature the uniaxial compression fracture takes place along the plane which is at a 45-degree angle to the direction of the compressive stress.The microstructure of a typical fracture pattern is the vein network.A unique,finger-like vein pattern is found to exist at the fractur...     

EFFECT OF SPECIMEN ASPECT RATIO ON FATIGUE LIFE OF CLOSED CELL Al-Si-Ca ALLOY FOAM

Quasi-static and compressive fatigue tests on the closed cell Al-Si-Ca alloy foam specimens with three different aspect ratios were performed. It turned out that the onset of cyclic shortening of foam with a lower aspect ratio took place earlier and the fatigue strength was lower compared with the specimen with a higher aspect ratio, although all the dimensions of specimen satisfied the seven times the cell size criterion, while the quasi-static stress-strain curves were almost same having same Young＇s modulus, yield stress and plateau stress. Therefore, the seven times the cell size criterion for the quasi-static compression behavior was not applicable to the fatigue analysis of Al-Si-Ca alloy foam.