MOSi2及其复合材料摩擦学性能研究

通过热压烧结制备了MoSi2及3种MoSi2基复合材料，考察了其相组成和结构，测定了其硬度和断裂韧性，评价了其摩擦磨损行为，并探讨了力学性能、摩擦界面特性和偶件材料特性等对MoSi2及其复合材料摩擦学行为的影响．结果表明：MoSi2同GCrl5钢和WC-Co硬质合金配副时表现出较高的摩擦系数，其磨损强烈依赖于偶件材料特性；第二相的引入对MoSi2的磨损行为具有显著影响，其中SiC第二相可以改善MoSi2的摩擦磨损性能；摩擦界面特性和偶件材料特性则对MoSi2及其复合材料的摩擦磨损性能具有决定性影响．     

Thermal properties of poly(anthranilic acid) (PANA) and humidity-sensitive composites derived from heat-treated PANA and poly(vinyl alcohol)

Thermal conversion of poly(anthranilic acid) (PANA) to polyaniline (PAn) has been studied by means of thermogravimetric/mass (TG/MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of the chemically prepared PANA was 3.5 × 10⁻² S/cm, which is caused by the self-doping of the polaronic nitrogen atom interacting with the ionized carboxyl group ( COO⁻). The heat-treated PANA can be assumed to be identical to an emeraldine base of PAn. The pyrolysis of PANA proceeded through the decarboxylation at two stages from carboxyl ( COOH) and ionized carboxyl groups, which occurred at about 170 and 230 °C, respectively. PANA–SA, which was prepared by treating PANA at 250 °C and then doping with an external protonic acid at room temperature, showed a considerably high conductivity (6.2 S/cm). The composite consisting of PANA–SA and poly(vinyl alcohol) was very sensitive to the environmental humidity. The logarithm of electrical conductivity of this composite was proportional to the relative humidity covering more than five orders of magnitude, and the change in conductivity extended from 4.2 × 10⁻⁵ to 10 S/cm upon the humidity variation from 14 to 91%. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4458–4465, 1999     

Morphology of polyethylene–carbon black composites

Carbon black is a common polymer additive that is used for reinforcement and for its ability to enhance physical properties, such as conductivity. This article pertains to an X‐ray scattering (SAXS) study of a conductive grade of carbon black and carbon black–polymer composites. The scattering pattern for such blacks displays a surface‐fractal‐like power‐law decay over many decades in scattering vector q. It is often assumed that small‐angle scattering from carbon black aggregates can be described in terms of surface‐fractal models, related to particles with fractally rough surfaces. Such self‐similar surface roughness is usually easy to identify by microscopy; however, electron microscopy from these blacks fails to support this assumption. It is proposed here that this apparent surface‐fractal scattering actually represents a more complicated morphology, including overlapping structural features and a power‐law scaling of polydispersity. One use of conductive black–polyethylene composites is in circuit protection devices where resistive heating leads to a reversible association of carbon black aggregates that controls switching between a conductive and a nonconductive state. Scattering can be used as an in situ tool to observe the morphological signature of this reversible structural change. Scattering patterns support a model for this switching based on local enhancement of concentration and the formation of linear agglomerates associated with the matrix polymer's semicrystalline morphology. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1105–1119, 1999     

Details of surface features in aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membranes characterized by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy

In the present article, some new events on the surface morphology of the aromatic polyamide thin‐film‐composite (TFC) membranes were demonstrated in conjunction with their inherent chemical nature. In addition, the detailed, quantitative understanding of the microscopic surface features was shown to be essential in controlling the water permeability and eventually developing the high performance membranes. The surface roughness and the surface area were mainly affected by the existence or nonexistence of the crosslinking and/or the free amide groups not pertinent to the formation of the hydrogen bonding, which in turn contributed to the water permeability. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1429–1440, 1999     

Calorimetric and dielectric effects during polymerization of an elastomer‐containing mixture and liquid‐liquid phase separation

Calorimetry and dielectric spectroscopy of an elastomer, amine terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (ATBN), dissolved in a stoichiometric mixture of ethylene diamine and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A, were studied in real time during the polymerization and phase separation of the mixture. In the two polymer compositions containing 8 w/w % ATBN and 20 w/w % ATBN, the total enthalpy released per mole of DGEBA's reaction was the same, indicating indetectably small changes in molecular interactions before and after the phase separation. The dielectric relaxation spectra showed no evidence for phase separation, which indicated a gradual phase separation with time and the extent of polymerization, and relatively small differences in the permittivity and conductivity between the ATBN particles and the network matrix at the time of phase separation. The equilibrium permittivity and dc conductivity showed a nonideal mixing of ATBN. The stretched exponential relaxation parameter remained at 0.36, but the characteristic dielectric relaxation time and the dc conductivity increased on addition of ATBN. An increase in the temperature had a greater effect on the relaxation time than the increase in the extent of polymerization. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1911–1919, 1999     

基于多分辨率小波变换的复合材料晶粒边缘的检测

材料晶粒的边缘检测是材料三维重构的一个基础性问题,本文简要介绍了利用小波变换探测图像边缘的原理和材料SEM图像的特点,根据Mallat小波理论中图像边缘对应于小波变换模的局部极大值点的理论,采用二次B样条小波对复合材料SEM图像进行了多分辨率小波变换,从低分辨率到高分辨率逐步搜索边缘,并根据不同分辨率噪声的小波系数变化较大的特点,抑制了噪声.成功的检测出FeAl-ZrO2复合材料第二相晶粒的边缘.文章的最后给出了实验结果并且对实验结果进行了讨论.     

SO2存在下钠、钙、铁及其复合物对NO-半焦反应的催化作用

采用程序升温还原技术,在SO2存在气氛下,对钠、钙、铁及其复合物的NO-半焦催化反应性能进行了研究。结果表明,在相同条件下三种金属对NO-半焦反应的催化活性顺序为：Fe>Ca>Na。SO2可能通过参与氧传递过程来影响金属对NO-半焦反应的催化活性。SO2的浓度对负载三种不同金属半焦催化活性的影响是不同的。SO2浓度对负载钠半焦的催化活性影响最为显著。在SO2存在气氛下,负载2％钠或铁和负载3％钙的半焦具有高的NO转化活性。在SO2存在气氛下,钠－钙和钠－铁二元金属复合催化剂的活性较高,这可能是由于这两种金属间存在协同作用的缘故。     

复合晶核剂对黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶的影响

以黄磷炉渣为主要原料,通过添加不同种类的复合晶核剂,采用熔融法制备了黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃.借助化学热力学软件FactSage 6.4模拟计算晶相类型,借助Kissinger方程分析析晶能力,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行验证.结果表明:相比添加单一晶核剂TiO2,复合晶核剂TiO2+CaF2或复合晶核剂TiO2+P2O5均能够降低黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶活化能E,促进其析晶,复合晶核剂TiO2+Cr2O3能够提高黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶活化能E,抑制其析晶;无论添加单一晶核剂TiO2,还是添加复合晶核剂TiO2+CaF2、复合晶核剂TiO2+P2O5或复合晶核剂TiO2+Cr2O3,黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃晶相类型相同,主晶相为硅灰石(CaSiO3),副晶相为铝透辉石(Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6)和氟磷灰石(Ca5(PO4)3F),这与化学热力学软件FactSage 6.4模拟计算结果基本一致.     

一种Ga-P复合发光材料的制备和性质研究

以Na3P和GaCl3为原料,在常压条件下的有机溶剂中合成出一种荧光材料.XRD分析表明其结构与GaP纳米晶体完全不同.能谱分析证明该产物包含Ga、P、Cl元素,该组成式为GaPCl4.将该产物与桑色素复合,并与GaP/桑色素复合材料相比,发现前者在丙酮、乙醇和水溶液中的发光强度以及发光稳定性均明显优于后者.该实验产物与桑色素复合制成的复合材料在丙酮、酒精和水溶液中出现很强的光致发光,而且可以稳定存在三个月以上.     

HPLC-PDA analysis of ACE-inhibitors,hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide utilizing design of experiments

A simple, rapid, precise, accurate and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for simultaneous determination of ACE inhibitors with hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide in pharmaceutical formulations. ‘Design of Experiments’ (DoE) using ‘central composite design’ (CCD) was applied to facilitate method development and optimization. Mobile phase was optimized utilizing response surface methodology using Design Expert software. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Hypersil®-Gold C₁₈ (100 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), column at 25 °C. The mobile phase was 58% buffer (5 mM KH₂PO₄, containing triethylamine 0.25 ml/L), 25% acetonitrile and 17% methanol (pH adjusted to 2.8 ± 0.1). The analysis was performed at 215 nm. The mobile phase flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and injection volume 10 μl. The method was validated for linearity, limits of quantitation and detection, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Calibration curves (for lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, captopril, imidapril, perindopril, indapamide and trandolapril) were linear in the concentration range of 5–35 μg/ml. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for experimental drugs ranged from 0.03 to 0.61 and 0.08–1.84 μg/ml respectively.