纳米TiO2/硼泥脱镁硅渣复合材料的制备与光催化性能

硼泥脱镁硅渣是硼泥酸浸脱镁后制取的一种多孔硅质矿物材料.以TiCl4为前驱体,硼泥脱镁硅渣为载体,采用水解沉淀法制备了一种纳米TiO2/硼泥脱镁硅渣复合材料,并采用XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM和FT-IR等手段对复合材料形貌与结构进行了表征.结果表明,复合材料中纳米TiO2以锐钛矿的晶型负载于硼泥脱镁硅渣表面,通过谢乐公式计算纳米TiO2平均晶粒尺寸为11.37 nm,透射电镜测量纳米TiO2粒径在10 ～ 30 nm之间.对水中Cr(Ⅵ)降解实验研究结果表明,光照240 min复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)降解率可达到93.76;.     

原位生长莫来石增强磷酸铬铝复相陶瓷的制备及性能

以磷酸铬铝粘接剂、熔融石英、氢氧化铝为原料制备莫来石原位增强磷酸铬铝复相陶瓷,采用热分析、XRD、SEM、EDS、矢量网络分析测试等手段,研究不同温度对烧结体物相、显微结构、机械及介电性能的影响,并探讨莫来石原位生长和增强机理.结果表明:在1250 ～ 1500℃范围内,随温度升高,材料的致密度、抗弯强度、维氏硬度和介电常数均升高.1500℃煅烧可得致密的原位合成莫来石/磷酸铬铝复相陶瓷,材料晶粒发育比较完善,短棒状莫来石和球状磷酸铬铝晶粒清晰可见,基体致密程度受游离SiO2控制.复合材料介电常数、弯曲强度、维氏硬度分别达到3.7、117 MPa和5.3 GPa.当煅烧至1600℃时,晶粒快速长大,材料的强度降低.磷酸铬铝与莫来石颗粒间通过弥散强化、细晶强化、晶粒拔出等机制对复合材料起到增强的作用.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2-C纳米复合材料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-C纳米复合材料,利用XRD、SEM和TEM等方法对样品进行分析表征。实验结果表明:网络诱导剂的加入有利于样品在室温下静置后更快凝胶,经600℃焙烧3 h后样品中二氧化钛晶粒有不同程度长大,其特征峰更加明显,且其中二氧化钛晶粒为锐钛矿型;乙酰乙酸乙酯的加入有利于溶胶-凝胶的形成,且随着乙酰乙酸乙酯加入量的增加,TiO2-C纳米复合材料的孔容和孔径均增加。     

MPCVD法在基片边缘生长大颗粒金刚石的研究

本研究在自制的5 kW大功率MPCVD装置中,利用边缘效应成功的在基片边缘处以50μm/h的沉积速率沉积出品粒尺寸达500 μm左右的大颗粒金刚石并以70μm/h沉积速率同质外延修复长大了一颗天然的单晶金刚石.在实验中,利用SEM和Raman光谱对基片边缘区域和中央区域所沉积的金刚石颗粒进行了表征.结果表明,边缘处沉积的金刚石颗粒与中央区域沉积的金刚石颗粒相比,具有更大的晶粒尺寸和更好的质量.通过仔细观察实验条件,对边缘效应产生的原因进行了分析,发现由于基片边缘放电,使得基片表面的电场强度和温度分布发生变化,从而导致基片边缘区域的等离子体密度和温度高于中央区域,高等离子体密度和温度的综合作用是使得在基片边缘能以较高的沉积速率沉积出大尺寸金刚石颗粒的主要原因.     

煅烧条件对纳米TiO2/膨胀珍珠岩复合材料性能的影响

以膨胀珍珠岩为载体,TiOSO4为钛源,采用均匀沉淀法制备了纳米TiO2/膨胀珍珠岩复合材料,通过XRD、SEM和FT-IR对复合材料的TiO2晶体结构、表面性质和形貌进行分析表征.研究了煅烧温度和煅烧时间对复合材料中TiO2结晶和光催化性能的影响.结果显示在550℃下煅烧2h时,复合材料的光催化性能最高,此时TiO2为锐钛矿,晶粒尺寸为11.93 nm,对罗丹明溶液的降解率达到95;以上.复合材料具有良好的再生重复使用性能,经5次回收再利用后仍表现较高的光催化性能.     

烧结工艺对碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石复合材料力学性能与微观结构的影响

本文主要研究了不同烧结工艺对碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石复合材料力学性能与微观结构的影响.力学性能测试结果显示,在真空气氛下烧结的复合材料力学性能在总体上要高于Ar或N2气氛保护下烧结所得复合材料,断裂韧性的提高幅度最大,其最高值达到了2.2 MPa·m1/2,远高于纯羟基磷灰石.XRD及IR研究发现,所制备复合材料纯度高,无其它杂质.SEM观察发现,1100℃,真空下所得复合材料的致密性高,晶粒细,但碳纳米管管径增大;而Ar或N2气氛保护下所得复合材料中碳纳米管容易以原始形态保存,但孔隙率高,晶粒粗.     

纳微米PZT/水泥基压电复合材料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了锆钛酸铅(PZT)纳微米粉体.XRD与SEM分析结果表明,经700 ℃煅烧的PZT粉体的平均晶粒尺寸约为26.4 nm,粉体团聚体的平均尺寸约为200 nm.采用干压成型-水化法制备了纳微米PZT/水泥基压电复合材料,研究了复合材料的压电及介电性能.SEM结果表明,PZT陶瓷相在基体中呈网状分布.PZT颗粒之间的良好连通性使复合材料具有优良的压电性能.     

面向水声换能器的压电单晶复合材料设计研究

压电单晶复合材料具有高压电常数、高机电耦合系数和高水声优值的优点,是制备下一代高性能水声换能器的关键材料.不同类型水声换能器对压电材料的性能要求不同,如何根据器件的具体应用需求,对压电单晶复合材料的结构和性能进行设计具有重要的意义.为了能够准确选取压电单晶复合材料中压电相与聚合物相两相材料特性、体积分数、宽高比等参数,本文提出了一种将解析模型与数值模型相结合的综合设计方法.实验结果证实,该方法可以准确高效地预测1-3型压电单晶复合材料的振动模态及宏观等效性能参数,实现以器件性能为指导的压电单晶复合材料设计.     

CuFe2O4/改性活性炭磁性复合材料表征及其吸附性能

运用化学沉淀法合成了CuFe2O4/改性活性炭(MAC)磁性纳米复合材料,并研究其对罗丹明B(Rh B)的吸附性能.运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和比表面积测定仪等技术对其理化性质进行了表征,分析表明复合材料颗粒大小在10～100 nm之间;探讨了CuFe2O4/MAC磁性复合材料吸附Rh B的过程,考察了溶液的pH值、Rh B的初始质量浓度、温度等因素对吸附的影响.结果 表明:CuFe2O4/MAC磁性复合材料可有效吸附去除Rh B,其吸附过程适合准二级动力学模型及吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,饱和吸附容量为73.54 mg/g.CuFe2O4/MAC磁性复合材料具有较好吸附性能和磁响应性,易于分离回收,可作为一种有效去除水体污染物的吸附材料.     

Ag-AgCl/Al2O3复合光催化材料的制备与光催化性能研究

以介孔γ-Al2O3为载体,采用化学沉积-光还原法制备了具有表面金属等离子体效应的Ag-AgCl/Al2O3复合光催化材料.用SEM、TEM、XRD及UV-Vis能谱等对复合材料进行了结构和性能表征,并以10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液为目标降解物,对复合材料的光催化性能进行了评价.实验结果表明,复合光催化材料在可见光下光照60 min后对亚甲基蓝的降解率达95;以上,总有机碳TOC去除率约为65;,实验制备的Ag-AgCl/Al2O3具有很高的可见光催化活性,循环使用5次后依然具有90;以上的MB降解率.     

TiAl金属间化合物/羟基磷灰石生物复合材料的制备及性能表征

首先采用机械合金化的方法制备出TiAl金属间化合物,用化学沉淀法制备出HA粉体,然后将二者球磨混合,经过真空热压烧结工艺制得TiAl/HA复合材料.力学性能检测结果表明,TiAl/HA复合材料的硬度比纯HA生物陶瓷要低,并且随TiAl质量分数的增加呈现降低趋势;复合材料的抗弯强度随着TiAl金属间化合物含量的增加呈上升趋势,含量为15;以下,其强度低于纯羟基磷灰石,含量处于15;到30;之间,其强度高于纯羟基磷灰石;断裂韧性高于纯HA生物陶瓷,最高可比纯羟基磷灰石提高78.7;,并且随着TiAl质量分数的增加呈上升趋势.X射线衍射结果表明复合材料中只含有TiAl金属间化合物和HA两种成分;断口扫描电镜照片显示,纯羟基磷灰石材料比较致密,而复合材料中存在一定量的气孔,其部分断裂区域显示出穿晶断裂的形态.     

Features of Wavelet Analysis in X-Ray Reflectometry of Thin Films

Specific features of the use of wavelet transform for estimating the thickness of layers and their order in a film density profile based on X-ray and synchrotron reflectometry data are considered. Some ways are proposed to reveal the characteristic features of Langmuir film packing by constructing a wavelet transform for the corresponding reflectograms. Dependences of the X-ray attenuation length on the grazing incidence angle are plotted by an example of multilayered box model of film profile; these dependences demonstrate possibilities of mapping the spatial signal delay (which occurs when rays are reflected from layers of different density) in a waveletgram.     

Alumina/zirconia composite coated by biomimetic method

In this study, a bioactive zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) composite was developed for orthopedic applications. This composite was obtained by slip casting of suspension powder mixtures.Biomimetic processes were used to grow a bone-like apatite layer on composite substrates using sodium silicate solution as a nucleating agent and simulated body fluids. The composites, with or without coating, were characterized by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and their apparent density was determined by the Archimedes method. The composites obtained by this process possessed the expected stiffness and dimensions and their density values were similar to those of the composite’s theoretical density (98.8%TD). The morphology of the hydroxyapatite formed on the composite surface was homogeneous and composed of small globules, characterizing a carbonated hydroxyapatite. The results of the tests indicated that the method employed to produce the composite and its coating was efficient under the conditions of this study.     

Study of the mechanical and structural properties of silicon oxynitride films for optical applications

In this work, we report studies on the residual stress and structure of silicon oxynitride films deposited by PECVD with nitrogen atomic percent varying from 24 to 55. The stress response to thermal annealing at different temperatures is analyzed and correlated with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy and X-ray near edge absorption spectroscopy at the Si–K edge measurements. The results show that the stress varies from compressive to tensile for the as-deposited samples. The annealing process increased the stress value in samples that had a tensile behavior as-deposited, while decreased its value in samples with compressive stress as-grown. It is observed that the stress shifts with annealing in a way that can be correlated with the volume density of voids, also depending on the composition and structure of the films.     

Processing of intensities of electron scattering from amorphous silicon by methods of continuous wavelet analysis

It is shown that intensities of electron scattering from amorphous silicon can be processed by the methods of wavelet analysis. The coordination radii for amorphous silicon at various annealing temperatures are calculated using the intensity distribution of coefficients of the wavelet transform.     

Application of time–frequency wavelet analysis in the reflectometry of thin films

Crystallography Reports - The application of time–frequency wavelet analysis for solving the reflectometry inverse problem is considered. It is shown that a simultaneous transform of specular...     

聚乙烯醇改性磷酸银的光催化活性研究

在制备的磷酸银表面吸附少量的聚乙烯醇(PVA),并通过热处理制备了DPVA/Ag3 PO4复合材料.使用傅立叶红外光谱法(FT-IR)和荧光光谱法(PL)对DPVA/Ag3 PO4复合材料进行表征.分析得知,经聚乙烯醇复合改性的DPVA/Ag3 PO4复合微粒中存在共轭结构,光生电子-空穴对复合率降低,光催化活性得到显著提高.研究了不同条件(复合比例、热处理温度、热处理时间)下制备的复合光催化剂在可见光下催化降解甲基橙的光催化性能.当PVA与Ag3 PO4质量比为1:4000,热处理温度为190℃,热处理1 h时光催化效果最好.     

Combustion synthesis and luminescence properties of Dy-doped MgO nanocrystals

MgO nanocrystals doped with Dy³⁺ have been synthesized by a combustion method. The synthesized sample is characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron micrograph, Fourier transform infrared, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The as-prepared MgO nanocrystals appear to be single cubic crystalline phase and the diameter is in the range of 20–25 nm. The hypersensitive transition (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2 of Dy³⁺) emission is prominent in the emission spectra resulting from the low-symmetry local site at which Dy³⁺ ions locate. In addition, the dependence of the luminescence intensity on Dy³⁺ concentration is also discussed.     

Characterization of the protocrystalline silicon multilayer

The protocrystalline silicon (pc-Si:H) multilayer solar cell is very promising owing to its fast stabilization with low degradation against light irradiation. However, the pc-Si:H multilayers have not extensively been investigated in detail on its material characteristics yet. We present the material characteristics of pc-Si:H multilayers using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infra (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, constant photocurrent method (CPM) and quantum efficiency (QE) measurement. A TEM micrograph shows that a pc-Si:H multilayer has a repeatedly layered structure consisting of low hydrogen-diluted and highly hydrogen-diluted sublayers. FTIR spectra depict the strong vibration mode at 2090 cm⁻¹ which is attributed to hydrogen-rich amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) regions of highly hydrogen-diluted sublayers. Based on these results, excellent light-soaking behavior of the pc-Si:H multilayers is primarily due to the repeatedly layered structure that improves a structural order in the material.     

基于ISOMAP-DE-SVM的Cz单晶硅等径阶段掉苞预测

针对目测法无法及时发现直拉单晶硅在等径生长阶段发生的掉苞问题，本文提出一种基于ISOMAP-DE-SVM的掉苞预测模型，可以在掉苞现象发生之前发出警告。首先剔除方差较小的参数，采用斯皮尔曼相关系数法剔除冗余参数，采用最大互信息法检验剩余参数的非线性相关性；然后将关键参数的均值和标准差作为等度量映射和多维放缩的输入，得到两份样本数据；最后将这两份样本数据分别输入到经过差分算法、遗传算法优化的支持向量机预测模型，得到4份预测结果。预测结果表明：基于ISOMAP-DE-SVM的预测模型具有收敛速度快、准确度高的特点，平均预测准确率可以达到96%;同时，所使用的方法揭示了单晶硅等径阶段的数据具有非线性特点。通过实际应用验证表明模型具有一定的工程实用价值。