SrTi_（1－x）Sn_xO_3的水热合成与结构研究

采用水热晶化法合成出ＳｒＴｉ_（１－ｘ）Ｓｎ_ｘＯ_３系列化合物，并对其结构进行了表征。结果表明，随着Ｓｎ含量的增加，产物的晶胞体积增大，红外吸收谱带发生劈裂，并向高波数方向移动；ＳｒＴｉ_（１－ｘ）Ｓｎ_ｘＯ_３化合物粒度较小，其中常含有少量有机物和吸附水，可以Ｔｉ（ＯＣ４Ｈ９）４为Ｔｉ源直接合成。     

Conditions for accurate split injection of samples with wide boiling point range

The effect of injection temperature, carrier gas flow rate, geometry of the glass insert, and column temperature program on the precision and accuracy of split injections was measured. Three types of injection techniques were compared: injection into a hot isothermal injector, isothermal injection with the injector at the solvent boiling point temperature, and programmed injection temperature. The last of these techniques produced the best accuracy and precision of analysis. Conditions for complete sample trapping at the beginning of programmed temperature analysis are described.     

The influence of evaporative dynamics on precision in split capillary GC

The kinetics of sample evaporation was studied for four common injection liners at various temperatures. The rates of solvent and sample evaporation were measured. The sample distribution at the split point was probed by inserting two capillary columns in one injector. Greater homogeneity at the split point corresponded to higher precision (better correlation between the sample and internal standard peak areas). Evidence of aerosol formation using inverted cup inlet liners was seen. Packed column precision was better than capillary precision in each case, i.e., using straight split liners, inverted cup liners, and cold on-column injection. Capillary precision is best when the sample and internal standard elute close together, and may be improved by using solvents that vaporize slowly.     

Propagation of a stress wave through a virtual functionally graded foam

Stress wave propagation through a Functionally Graded Foam Material (FGFM) is analysed in this paper using the finite element method. A finite element model of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) is developed to apply realistic boundary conditions to a uniform density foam and is validated against laboratory SHPB tests. Wave propagation through virtual FGFMs with various gradient functions is then considered. The amplitude of the stress wave is found to be shaped by the gradient functions, i.e., the stress can be amplified or diminished following propagation through the FGFMs. The plastic dissipation energy in the specimens is also shaped by the gradient functions. This property of FGFMs provides significant potential for such materials to be used for cushioning structures.     

Algebraic logoi

We introduce normal cores, as well as the more general action cores, in the context of a semi-abelian category, and further generalise those to split extension cores in the context of a homological category. We prove that, if the category is moreover well-powered with (small) joins, then the existence of split extension cores is equivalent to the condition that the change-of-base functors in the fibration of points are geometric. We call a finitely complete category that satisfies this condition an algebraic logos. We give examples of such categories, compare them with algebraically coherent ones, and study equivalent conditions as well as stability under common categorical operations.     

Dynamic control of split flow in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography using dual resistively heated restrictors

Remote control of the vent/detector split flow ratio in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (pSFC) with flame ionization detector (FID) is demonstrated using a dual heated restrictor method. Restrictors stemming from a Tee at the separation column outlet were, respectively, fixed into an FID and a vent port, and their individual temperatures were controlled using resistively heated wires. Subsequently, both system pressure and split flow could be manipulated. For example, for applied restrictor temperatures examined up to 600°C, corresponding vent/FID split flow ratios between 2 and 7 were observed depending on the port heated. As well, column pressures around 16–23 MPa were also achievable over the same range. Conversely, isobaric altering of the split flow ratio was possible when opposing positive and negative temperature gradients were applied at the two restrictors. Under these conditions, the system pressure varied less than 1% RSD over a 10 min period. As an application, the method was used to establish stable detector operation in the analysis of n‐alkanes under pSFC‐FID conditions that initiated flame instability. Results indicate that this technique could be a relatively simple and inexpensive means of controlling system pressure and detector split flow ratios in pSFC‐FID.     

On distance two graphs of upper bound graphs

For a poset P=(X,≤), the upper bound graph (UB-graph) of P is the graph U=(X,E_U), where uv∈E_U if and only if u≠v and there exists m∈X such that u,v≤m. For a graph G, the distance two graph DS₂(G) is the graph with vertex set V(DS₂(G))=V(G) and u,v∈V(DS₂(G)) are adjacent if and only if d_G(u,v)=2. In this paper, we deal with distance two graphs of upper bound graphs. We obtain a characterization of distance two graphs of split upper bound graphs.     

On the complexity of cutting-plane proofs using split cuts

We prove a monotone interpolation property for split cuts which, together with results from Pudlák (1997) [20], implies that cutting-plane proofs which use split cuts (or, equivalently, mixed-integer rounding cuts or Gomory mixed-integer cuts) have exponential length in the worst case.     

Analysis of split weighted least-squares procedures for pseudo-hyperbolic equations

In this paper, we introduce two novel split weighted least-squares finite element procedures for pseudo-hyperbolic equations arising in the modelling of nerve conduction process. By selecting the weighted least-squares functional properly, each procedure can be split into two independent symmetric positive definite sub-procedures. One of sub-procedures is for the primitive unknown variable, which is the same as the standard Galerkin finite element procedure and the other is for the introduced flux variable. Optimal order error estimates are developed and the numerical example is given to show the efficiency of the introduced schemes.